刑事缺席审判程序中被告人的权利保障——以被告人在境外案件为对象展开的分析

The Protection of the Defendant’s Rights in a Trial Procedure in Absentia: An Analysis Focused on Cases Where the Defendants Are Abroad

刑事缺席审判程序写入刑事诉讼法,代表了我国打击腐败,严惩危害国家安全、恐怖活动犯罪的决心,也意味着中国特色刑事审判制度不断完善。虽然缺席审判程序在理论上具有正当性,但由于其缺乏对席审判程序中的两造对抗,容易在实践中造成对被告人合法权益的侵犯。为防范这一问题发生,应通过把起诉书副本送达被告人近亲属,设立公告送达方式,加强对被告方知悉权的保护;通过设立诉讼辅助人制度和强制辩护制度,加强对被告人辩护权的保护;通过设置30日上诉期及建立境外被告人上诉认证制度,加强对被告人上诉权的保护;通过设立更为科学严谨的程序,加强对被告人(罪犯)到案后的权利保障。

The trial procedure in absentia is written into the Criminal Procedure Law,which represents China’s determination to fight against corruption and severely punish crimes against national security and public security.It also means that the criminal trial system with Chinese characteristics is constantly improving.Although the trial procedure of absenteeism is theoretically justified,it is easy to cause violations of the legitimate rights and interests of the accused in practice because of the lack of confrontation between the prosecution and the defense.In order to prevent this problem,the author proposes to strengthen the defendant’s right to know by serving a copy of the indictment to the close relatives of the defendant;to strengthen the protection of the defendant’s right of appeal by setting a 30-day appeal period and establishing an overseas accused appeal certification system;and to strengthen the rights of the accused(criminal)after the case by establishing a more scientific and rigorous procedure guarantee.