精准扶贫中农户“争贫”现象解析

An Analysis of the Phenomenon of Farmers “Striving to Retain Poverty Status” in the Process of Targeted Poverty Alleviation

当前我国精准扶贫领域内存在着农户“争当贫困户”的社会怪象,以“均贫”“扮贫”“赖贫”以及“盼贫”为四种典型的表现形式。农户“争贫”是内外因素综合作用的结果,其中扶贫程序设计存在不足、乡土社会心理异变、微观场域权力失范以及农户内生脱贫动力匮乏是农户“争贫”行为产生的主要原因。其治理之策是进一步完善扶贫标准和程序设计、引导农户树立正确的公平观、确保农村公共权力的规范运行以及增强贫困户精神脱贫的动力和能力,由此来推动精准扶贫和乡村振兴战略的有效落实。

At present,there is an odd social phenomenon on the front of targeted poverty alleviation where some farmers strive to retain their poverty status,four typical manifestations of which are“averaged poverty”,“pretended poverty”,“prolonged poverty”,and“hoping for poverty”.This odd phenomenon stems from the comprehensive action of internal and external factors,of which the main reasons lie in the deficiency in program design of poverty alleviation,the psychological change of local society,the absence of check and balance of power in micro-level fields,and the lack of motivation for farmers to extricate themselves from poverty.To counter these problems,it is advised that efforts should be made to further improve the standards and program design of poverty alleviation,guide farmers to establish a correct concept of fairness,ensure the standardized operation of rural public power,and enhance the motivation and ability of poor households to get rid of poverty,so as to promote the effective implementation of targeted poverty alleviation measures and rural revitalization strategies.