儒家人性论的争辨与成圣理想的两条路径

The Controversy of Confucianists’ Theory of Nature and the Two Paths of Sanctizing Ideals

儒家对人性的阐释,从早期的人性善恶之辨,走向后来的人性善恶互具的圆融,是一个过程。人性之争的理论旨归最终目的都是为了教人向善,培育圣人理想人格。基于对人性善恶不同的预设,儒家关于理想人格的培育,在修养路径上主要有两条,一是向内“以仁为本”,反求诸己;二是向外“学以成人”,重视教化。不过这两条路径,由内而外,由外而内,实际上是并行不悖的。人性善恶之辨走向圆融,培育理想人格的途径亦是殊途同归。最后,儒家人性论的争辨和理想人格的培育,对于当代社会道德现象和问题的解决具有重要启发意义。

The Confucian interpretation of human nature is a process from the early identification of human nature to the good and evil of human nature.The ultimate goal of the theory of humanity is to teach people to be good and to cultivate the ideal personality of saints.Based on the different presuppositions of human nature,the Confucian cultivation of ideal personality has two main paths in the cultivation.One is to"being benevolent"and to seek oneself;the second is to become complete personality,attach importance to education.However,these two paths,from the inside out,from the outside to the inside,are actually parallel.The distinction between good and evil of human nature is going to be harmonious,and the way to cultivate ideal personality is also the same.Finally,the debate on the Confucian theory of nature and the cultivation of ideal personality have important enlightening significance for the contemporary social moral phenomenon and the solution of the problem.