《墨辩》中“同”的认识论意义

On the Epistemological Meaning of Similarity in Mo-bian

《墨辩》包含有十种类型的相同关系。通过作字义上的训解,可以确定它们的基本意义,再结合它们在《墨辩》中的用例,可以了解它们作为概念的基本内容和含义。通过考察,可以看出,《墨辩》所论述的"同",一方面是对感知经验的归纳和总结,这些"同"反映的感性经验具有普遍性和明证性,十种类型的"同"具有一定的范畴意义,还有一方面是对语词实质意义同异关系的分析,这些分析主要源自辩论的实践和解决辩论难题的需要。《墨辩》注重对事物实质的分析和认识,不注重形式化,这一特点与墨子的逻辑思想一致。

The ten types of Similarity are recorded in Mo-bian. Their basic meaning can be explained from the terms, and their basic content can be obtained from the elaboration relating with the concept of Similarity. The discussions of similarity in Mo-bian refer to the induction of perception experience. The perception experience has the universality and regularity. Besides that, The discussions of similarity in Mo-bian also invlove the analysis of material significance of terms. The meaning analysis of terms is mainly related to argument. Mo-bian focuses on analyzing and cognizing the substance of objects, which follows Mo-zi’s logical theory.