江南四重奏:从梦江南、文学江南到地理江南、文化江南

Jiangnan Quartet: from Jiangnan in Dream, Jiangnan in Literature to Jiangnan Geography and Jiangnan Culture

江南的涵义非常丰富,从唐代开始,似乎生活于江南成为人生的梦想。然而早在春秋时期,"江南"并非指"长江之南",其在史书上的所指也比较泛化。《史记》中始把"江南"的概念确定下来--即长江之南。晋室南迁后,江南的生产力逐渐发展起来。"江南"的文学意象才开始在文学作品中出现,尤其是《江南曲》在南北朝时期的传唱,使"文学江南"的概念得以确立。而到了唐代,江南的行政区划逐步细化,从江南道到江南东道,政府对江南的治理也逐渐重视,"江南"的地理概念与"江东"逐渐接近。而到了五代时期,由于北方战乱、衣冠南渡,直接带来了以南唐(杨吴)、吴越国为代表的江南地区的繁荣,成为人民向往的乐土,成就了"文化的江南"。

Jiangnan is rich in connotation. Living in Jiangnan has been the dream of life since Tang Dynasty. However, as early as the Spring and Autumn period, "Jiangnan" did not refer to "the south of the Yangtze River", and more general reference can be found in history. In Records of the Grand Historian of China, the concept of "Jiangnan" was determined for the first time as "the south of the Yangtze River". After the South Jin Dynasty moved south, the productive forces in the south of the Yangtze River gradually developed. The literary image of Jiangnan began to appear in literary works, especially in the Song of Jiangnan in the Southern and Northern dynasties, which established the literary image of Jiangnan. In Tang Dynasty, the administrative division of Jiangnan was further refined, as can be seen in the change from Jiangnan Road to Jiangnan host road. The government also paid more attention to the governance of Jiangnan, and the geographical concept of "Jiangnan" was close to that of "Jiangdong". In the Five Dynasties Period, the gentry migrated to the south because of the war in the north, which resulted in the prosperity of the south region of the Yangtze River, represented by the Southern Tang Dynasty(Yang Wu) and the State of Wu Yueguo. Jiangnan became a land of promise and thus "Jiangnan Culture" was achieved.