人口流动范围与稳定性的分类研究

A Classifying Study of Population Migration Based on Range and Stability

我国流动人口规模大、占总人口比重高,人口流动已经成为研究我国人口变动与分布问题中不可忽视的一环,并对经济转型、社会整合等问题产生重要影响。流动人口内部是存在差异性的,个体、家庭、所在地区等层面上的差异都有可能影响其流动状态。通过文献研究及对2017年全国流动人口动态监测数据进行统计分析,综合流动范围与流动频率两个方面将人口流动分为省内稳定型、省内流动型、跨省稳定型、跨省流动型四类。研究发现:流动频率低的、在地理上具有稳定性的人群通常是老一代流动人口;流动频率高的、在地理上不稳定的人群通常是新生代流动人口,且同样是流动型,省内流动比跨省流动更容易获得较高社会地位。在流动频率相同的情况下,跨省流动人口获得的经济回报较高。根据以上结论,建议城市管理者针对不同流动类型的人口要有不同的政策侧重点。对于省内稳定型,应该保障流动子女基础教育;对于省内流动型,应该保障其住房权利;对于跨省稳定型,应该提高其家庭福利;对于跨省流动型,应该保障其劳动与收入的权利。

With the continuous growth of the floating population in China,population flow has become a nonnegligible component in the study of population change and distribution in China,and has exerted significant impact on the economic transformation,social integration and other issues.There are differences however within the floating population,and the difference in individual,family and region may affect the floating state of them.Through studying literatures and 2017 national monitoring data of floating population,the paper classifies population flow into 4 types in terms of flow range and flow frequency,which are intra-provincial stable flow,intra-provincial mobile flow,interprovincial stable flow,and interprovincial mobile flow.It is found that the population with low flow frequency and geographical stability is usually that of the older generation.The population with high flow frequency and geographical instability is usually that of the young generation.People in the intra-provincial mobile flow tend to be easier to obtain a higher social status than those in the interprovincial mobile flow.Under the same flow frequency,the economic return of the interprovincial floating population tends to be higher.Thus,it is finally suggested that city managers may have different policy emphasis for different types of floating populations.For people of intra-provincial stable flow,managers may ensure the basic education of the floating children.For people of intra-provincial mobile flow,the housing rights should be guaranteed.For people of interprovincial stable flow,managers should improve the family welfare.For people of interprovincial mobile flow,managers should guarantee their right of labor and income.