经权思想的汉宋之别及其规范性来源

The Differences of Scripture and Tact Thoughts in Han and Song Dynasties and Its Normative Source

汉代的经权思想以公羊学为代表,主张“反经有善”。《公羊传》在强调善的结果的同时又在手段上对行权进行限制。董仲舒则以“复正”释权,并且将动机纳入对行权的考量,对行权进行更严苛的规定。宋代的经权思想以程颐与朱熹为代表,主张“权只是经”。程颐将“反经有善”误解为“反经合道”,认为其败坏了经权思想,并以“中庸”“权不拂经”“合宜适变”对经权思想进行重释。朱熹则批判继承了程颐的思想,主张以道统摄经与权,但他并未意识到程颐的问题所在。“实与而文不与”与“理一分殊”是汉宋经权思想区别的关键所在。

The ideas of scripture and tact in Han dynasty,represented by the Gongyangxue,advocated“fanjing youshan”(反经有善).While emphasizing the good result,Gongyangzhuan also restricted the exercise of tact in means.Dong Zhongshu interpreted tact by“fuzheng”(复正)on exercise and took motive into the consideration of tact to define it in a more stringent manner.Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi were the representatives of scripture and tact thoughts in Han and Song Dynasty,advocating“quan zhishijing”(权只是经).Cheng Yi misunderstood“fanjing youshan”as“fanjing hedao”(反经合道),and thought that it corrupted the idea of scripture and tact,and reinterpreted the idea of scripture and tact with“the mean”(中庸),“quan bufujing”(权不拂经)and“heyi shibian”(合宜适变).Zhu Xi inherited Cheng Yi’s thoughts critically and advocated ruling scripture and tact thoughts by“Tao”.The crucial difference between the Han and Song’s ideas of scripture and tact are“shiyu er wenbuyu”(实与而文不与)and“liyi fenshu”(理一分殊).