清“满蒙联姻”政策下公主汤沐邑的地权问题——以康熙恪靖公主汤沐邑为中心

The Structure of Land Ownership of Princess’s Tangmu State in the Policy of the Marriage of the Manchu with Mongolian ——As the Center of Kejing Princess’s Tangmu State

康熙年间,在准噶尔部入掠漠北蒙古诸部的局势下,漠北土谢图汗等部内附。康熙将恪靖公主嫁于土谢图汗部,从而将“满蒙联姻”政策从漠南蒙古推至漠北。然而作为“满蒙联姻”政策向漠北推进的纽带的恪靖公主,以及以其为中心设置的公主府、支撑公主府运作的汤沐邑,并未楔入漠北土谢图汗部,而是被楔入漠南归化城蒙古土默特部,此举引发了在汤沐邑制度框架下,由公主府权力所运作的地亩、地权之成立、演变问题。汤沐邑从蒙晋长城隘口地带向土默特蒙地的突破、延展,最终形成“插花式”分布格局。归化城土默特蒙古与公主府的地权纷争亦伴随汤沐邑拓展的始终。清廷介入双方纷争,对归化城土默特经济、政治形态产生了结构性的影响。

In Kangxi period,when the Zhungar tribe intruded Mobei Mongolia on a massive scale,Mobei Tüsiyetükhan tribe submitted to the authority of the Qing Dynasty.Kangxi Emperor married his daughter to Tushetu Khan tribe,which promoted the marriage of the Manchu from Mongolian to Mobei.However,Kejing Princess with her mansion and Tangmuyi didn’t wedge the Mobei Mongolia Tüsiyetükhantribe.Those who were placed in the Monan Mongolia Guihua Cheng of Tumd tribe,triggering issues about the fields,establishment and development of the land ownership,which all operated by the power of princess’s mansion.Tangmuyi extended from Great Wall’s passes between Mongolia and Shanxi by the geographical advantages,which ultimately formed the compound geographical pattern.During the extension of Tangmuyi,there always existed the dissension of land ownership between Tumd tribe and princess’s mansion.The intervention of Qing government about dissensions has a structural impact on economy and politics of Guihua Cheng of Tumd tribe.