钱学森对中国系统科学的贡献

Qian Xuesen’s Contributions to Chinese System Science

钱学森是世界杰出的科学家,其一生功勋卓著,除了在导弹、两弹一星方面的巨大贡献外,还为中国的系统科学做出了卓越贡献。本文为纪念钱学森先生逝世十周年而作,论述了钱学森后30年(1978-2008年)在发展系统科学方面做出的努力和贡献。主要包括提出《事理学》,提出思维科学与人体科学,创建和组织系统学大、小讨论班,提出系统新概念和新方法论,探讨综合集成理论和研讨厅在各方面的应用,出版"系统学"相关书籍、提出"大成智慧学"等。对于著名的"钱学森之问",从钱学森的教育思想来看,是重知识教育不重视智慧教育;重理轻文轻马列主义哲学;重分解、分析不重视系统和综合集成;重技术思考不重视战略思考等导致培养不出战略型杰出人才。

Qian Xuesen is an outstanding scientist in the world. He has made outstanding contributions to the system science of China in addition to his great contributions to the establishment of missile, atomic and hydrogen bombs and man-made satellite for China. This paper discusses Qian Xuesen’s efforts and contributions to the development of system science in the later 30 years(1978-2008), which mainly includes his proposal of cybernetics, of science of thinking and science of human body, of "Metasynthetic Wisdom", his efforts to organize seminars in system science, his introduction of new concepts and new methodology of system science, his contribution to the application of comprehensive integration theory in various aspects, and the publication of his books related to "system science". In addition, the paper explains the famous "Qian Xuesen’s Question" from the perspective of Qian Xuesen’s educational thought: people attached importance to the knowledge education rather than wisdom education. They lay more stress on science than arts or philosophy of Marxism and Leninism, on decomposition and analysis than system and comprehensive integration, on technical thinking than strategic thinking, which may lead to the failure of cultivating outstanding strategic talents.