社区老年人衰弱现状及对生活质量的作用路径分析

Status of frailty and its effect path on quality of life among the elderly in community

[目的]调查社区老年人衰弱现状,并建立衰弱对生存质量作用路径的结构方程模型。[方法]采用孤独量表(UCLA)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)、简明健康状况调查量表(SF‐36)、衰弱表型(FP)对泰安市5个社区的488例老年人进行调查。[结果]488例老年人中无衰弱、衰弱前期、衰弱发生率分别为42.83%、39.34%和17.83%;3组老年人的SF‐36总分分别为(82.57±6.84)分、(66.26±11.17)分、(51.96±13.33)分,3组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);老年人衰弱状况通过孤独和日常生活能力状况的中介作用对生活质量产生影响,中介效应占总效应值的16.1%。[结论]社区老年人衰弱问题应引起重视,可通过早筛查、早预防和多学科干预等措施,提高老年人生活质量。

Objective:To investigate the current status of frailty among the elderly in community,then to establish the structural equation model of the effect path of frailty on quality of life.Methods:A total of 488 elders in five communities in Tai’an city were recruited by convenience sampling method and were investigated by UCLA Loneliness scale,Activity of Daily Living Scale(ADL),36‐Item Short‐Form Health Survey,Frailty Phenotype(FP).Results:The morbidity of no‐frailty,pre‐frailty,and frailty among subjects were 42.83%,39.34%,and 17.83%,respectively.And the total scores of SF‐36 among above three groups were(82.57±6.84),(66.26±11.17)and(51.96±13.33),respectively.There were significant statistical differences(P<0.05).The frailty could have a mediating effect on the quality of life through loneliness perceived and activity of daily living.And the mediating value was 16.1%.Conclusion:It is suggested that the prevalence of frailty among the elderly is worth drawing wide attention.Early screening,early prevention and multy‐disciplinary interventions should be carried out to improve the quality of life of the elders.