马可·波罗足迹考:从伊朗起儿漫到忽鲁模思的往返路线

Marco Polo’s Travel Route in Iran from Kerman to Hormuz and Back

《马可·波罗游记》是研究伊斯兰中世纪时期陆上与海上丝绸之路的最重要的历史文献之一。马可·波罗是历史上为数不多的经过伊朗领土,且从陆路与海路两条路线往返于欧洲和中国的旅行者,在中西交通史上扮演着重要角色。尽管关于《马可·波罗游记》已有诸多研究成果问世,但许多细节问题仍有待解答。其中两个较为重要的问题便是:《马可·波罗游记》中记载的马可·波罗自起儿漫(KirmOn)到忽鲁模思(Hurmuz)的游历路线尚不明晰,特别是这段路线中名为“哥那撒勒迷”(Canosalmi)的地方的具体位置尚有争议;马可·波罗在返回伊利汗宫廷的路程中从忽鲁模思出发到与合赞汗(GhOz&iKhQn)汇合地的这段行程路径也没有完全明确。本文在前人研究基础上,通过作者本人对马可·波罗在伊朗境内游历路线的实地考察以及对《马可·波罗游记》同时代或之后问世的游记、伊斯兰历史地理著作等文献的记载进行分析,着重解决上述两个问题,并明确马可·波罗在伊朗境内游历的真实路径。

Marco Polo's Travelogue is one of the most important historical sources for studying the Silk Road by land and sea in the Islamic Middle Ages.He is among the few travelers who took terrain and sea routes between Europe and China through the territory of Iran.Though much research has been done on this travelogue so far,some questions about the details are still unanswered.One of these questions is the matching of the aforementioned toponymies and the current cities and towns,as well as an examination of the events mentioned in this travelogue.In this study,three problems related to the toponomy of Conosalmi village and insecurities mentioned in the travelogue due to the invasions of Nogodari tribe,as well as identifying the return route of Marco Polo from China to Iran in Ilkhanate era were investigated.Here,field studies conducted on the route Marco Polo took in the territory of Iran,reexamination and introduction of historical texts and sources,especially different travelogues were provided.These questions were investigated earlier and different answers were provided by authors,but,no definitive conclusion is made so far.The author attempted to answer these questions by reviewing the background of these studies and the resources,as well as introducing new sources.The aim of this study was to obtain the least information on the matching of some toponomies and recognizing and comparing the events mentioned in Marco Polo's Travelogue with other historical sources.