教育改革中的跨部门协调:一个分析框架及其应用

Interagency Coordination in Education Reform: An Analysis Framework and its Application

跨部门协调对于教育改革的影响,主要发生在改革目标决策、资源配置、政策创新等改革阶段。跨部门协调的核心任务是形成各参与部门共同认可、并具有主动执行意愿的新政策或规则,与政府职能部门执行现行政策中的“合作”“协同”有本质区别。本研究尝试借鉴政府改革相关理论和分析工具,建立一个适用于我国教育改革跨部门协调的“要素—过程”二维分析框架:要素维度,简要地对“协调事项”“协调机构”“协调方法”及其形态进行分析;过程维度,针对不同阶段改革任务属性及其向政治或技术分化的差异,对不同要素间的相互作用进行分析。应用该框架对某省教育综合改革项目的实证分析发现:跨部门协调的实现需要具有特定权力的协调机构在合适时机出场,各部门参与改革的“目的性”是否增强是检验协调效果的指标;在不同改革阶段,协调事项性质和复杂程度是判断协调机构出场时机“适宜性”和协调方法“适配性”的参照因素。

The impact of interagency coordination on education reform is mainly reflected in decision-making of goals,resource allocation and policy innovation.Different from the usual practice of collaboration and cooperation between government departments,interagency coordination in education reform aims to form new policies and rules accepted by participant departments which have the willingness to implement them.This research attempts to use relevant theories and analytical tools regarding government reform,and establish a two-dimensional analysis framework of factor-process applicable to the interagency coordination of education reform in China.The dimension of factors briefly analyzes three factors and their possible forms,i.e.coordination matter,coordination organization and coordination method.Process dimension,based on the task attributes of reform at different stages and their differentiation into politics or technology,discusses the interaction between different factors.By using this framework to conduct an empirical analysis on a comprehensive education reform in a province,it is found that the purposiveness of each participant department is an important indicator to test the effect of interagency coordination.At different stages of reform,the nature and complexity of coordination matters are the reference factors to judge the appropriateness for the timing of the coordination organization’s involvement and the suitability for coordination methods.