马克思《政治经济学批判》（第一分册）《序言》的节点意义

The Significance of the Key Time as a Turning Point when the Preface of the Volume Ⅰ of Marx’s A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy was Published

马克思《政治经济学批判》(第一分册)《序言》概括了其“黄金时代”15年的政治经济学研究成果,出现在人们面前的不是政治经济学理论而是方法论历史唯物主义。结果表明,马克思政治经济学与哲学是互为内生变量的关系,关系性质决定了马克思原生态哲学是劳动历史唯物主义。1859年是节点,劳动历史唯物主义的文献载体由哲学性文献“唱主角”转变为政治经济学文献“唱主角”,人们仅仅依赖《序言》的显性表达理解劳动历史唯物主义,遗失了其中的大部分内容。恩格斯书评是构建马克思主义哲学体系的设想。1870年后,恩格斯把设想变成了哲学著作,有代表性的是三部:《自然辩证法》《反杜林论》《路德维希·费尔巴哈和德国古典哲学的终结》。这三部著作提出了后来马克思主义哲学教科书中主要和基本的观点。此后人们依赖恩格斯路径理解马克思原生态哲学,最终结果是劳动历史唯物主义被马克思主义哲学原理取代。要重新理解劳动历史唯物主义,改变路径依赖式理解习惯是当务之急,回到原生态是有效路径。

The preface of the Volume Ⅰ of Marx’s A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy generalizes that Marx’s research results of political economy in his“golden time”for 15 years presented to us are not the theory of political economy but a methodological historical materialism.The results show that Marx’s political economy and his philosophy are interactive as endogenous variables,and the relational nature determines that Marx’s original philosophy is a labor historical materialism.1859 is the key time as a turning point,when the literature carrier of labor historical materialism had changed from the philosophical to the political economical.People only rely on the explicit expression of the Preface to understand labor historical materialism,but most contents of it are lost.Engels’book review was a tentative idea of constructing the system of Marxist philosophy,and three philosophical works in the 1870s and beyond turned the tentative idea into a systematic expression of Marxist philosophy.After that,people rely on Engels’path to understand Marx’s original philosophy,and the final result is that labor historical materialism is replaced by the principle of Marxist philosophy.To find labor historical materialism,it is an effective way to change the habit of path-dependent understanding first,and then to return to the original understanding.