行政合同中潜在缔约人公平竞争权的保护——以缔约行政主体优益权规制为切入点

The Protection of Potential Contract Party’s Right to Fair Competition in Administrative Contract

在行政合同缔结阶段,公平竞争权是一项专属于潜在缔约人的具有行政属性的权利,其权利客体不仅限于竞争利益,更以公共利益为主要保护对象。而作为调控竞争秩序并作出缔约人选择决定的主导者,行政主体的权力行使应受到严格限制。实践中因其存在主观恶意或过失,而导致的信息告知错漏、选择缔约人标准制定不合理、选择决定不公正、对潜在缔约人审查不严格等违反缔约义务的行为,成为造成公平竞争权损害的主要因素。因此应将履行维护公平竞争等先合同义务作为行政主体优益权行使的牵制手段,并规定相应的责任制度与争议解决方式作为义务妥善履行的保障,从而达到控制权力以保证潜在缔约人公平竞争权实现的目的。

In the stage of the conclusion of administrative contract,right to fair competition is a right with administrative attribute exclusive to potential contract party,object of right of which is not only limited to competitive interests,but also takes public interests as the main protection object.As the dominant player who regulates the competition order and makes the decision of selecting contract party,the exercise of power by administrative subject should be restricted strictly.In practice,behaviors violating obligations of concluding a contract,such as wrong information disclosure,unreasonable standard setting of selecting contract party,unfair selection decision,less strict investigation and examination of potential contract party,resulting from subjective malice or negligence,have become the main factors causing damage to right to fair competition.Therefore,it is necessary to take the pre-contract obligations such as maintaining fair competition as the restraining means of administration preferentiality,and to stipulate the corresponding liability system and dispute resolution as the guarantee of the proper performance of obligations,to achieve the control of power to ensure the realization of the potential contract party’s right to fair competition.