北部冬麦区小麦新品种(系)的节水生理特性与综合评判

Water-saving physiological characteristics and comprehensive evaluation of new wheat varieties (lines) in northern winter wheat region

为了研究不同灌溉条件下北部冬麦区小麦新品种的节水生理特性和选择节水品种,以北部冬麦区有代表性的30个小麦品种(系)为研究对象,在节水处理和正常灌溉处理下,对主要生理和农艺性状进行了分析。研究结果表明:不同小麦品种(系)间的植被归一化指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)在拔节期以后的不同生育时期存在着显著差异,抽穗期的NDVI出现拐点,此时期保证水分供给,有利于延长叶片功能期。在不同灌溉处理条件下,NDVI、叶面积指数和光截获的变异系数存在差异,和其他性状相比广义遗传力较低,分别为48.61%、58.51%和72.84%,受环境影响较大。由灰色关联度分析可知:NDVI、冠层温度和光截获与产量的关联性较高,位于前列;在正常灌溉条件下,最好的品种(系)为:CA0391-1、中麦998、农大211、中麦175、CA0958、中优206、农大5181、航麦247、CA1146、中麦818和京冬17;在节水处理下,最好的品种(系)为:中麦175、中麦818、CA0391-1、CA1091、中优206、轮选1690。因此,可根据NDVI值判断小麦受干旱胁迫的影响,将NDVI、冠层温度和光截获作为评价品种(系)抗旱性主要性状指标,在进行抗旱小麦选育时,可将CA0391-1、中麦175、中优206和中麦818作为抗旱选育亲本加以利用。

In order to study the water-saving physiological characteristics and the selection of water-saving varieties of new wheat varieties in the northern winter wheat area under different irrigation conditions,30 representative wheat varieties(lines)in the northern winter wheat area were studied.The main physiological and agronomic traits were analyzed under water-saving treatment and normal irrigation conditions.The results indicated that,the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)of different wheat varieties(lines)had significant differences in different growth stages after jointing stage.The NDVI at the heading stage had an inflection point,which ensured water supply during this period and was beneficial to prolong leaf function period.Under different irrigation conditions,the variation coefficients of NDVI,leaf area index and light interception were different.Compared with other traits,the generalized heritability was lower,which was 48.61%,58.51%and 72.84%,indicating that it was greatly affected by the environment.From the gray correlation analysis,it was seen that NDVI,canopy temperature and light interception were highly correlated with yield,these traits were in the forefront.Under normal irrigation conditions,the best varieties(lines)were:CA0391-1,Zhongmai 998,Nongda 211,Zhongmai 175,CA0958,Zhongyou 206,Nongda 5181,Hangmai 247,CA1146,Zhongmai 818 and Jingdong17.Under water-saving treatment,the best varieties(lines)were:Zhongmai 175,Zhongmai 818,CA0391-1,CA1091,Zhongyou 206 and Lunxuan1690.Therefore,the effect of drought stress on wheat can be judged according to the NDVI value.NDVI,canopy temperature and light interception were used as indicators to evaluate the main traits of drought resistance.With the drought-tolerant wheat breeding,CA0391-1,Zhongmai 175,Zhongyou 206 and Zhongmai 818 can be used as drought-resistant breeding parents.