马融《广成颂》之用典及文献价值

Allusions and Literature Value of Ma Rong’s Guang Cheng Song

《广成颂》全文载录于《后汉书·马融列传》,用典丰富,符合作者自序称“依旧文”的特点。经勾辑,《广成颂》共引“六艺略”书籍7种12部60次,“诸子略”3家10种22次,“诗赋略”5家7篇18次。其引“六艺略”,呈现出经今古文并用、经纬书兼通的特点,引领时代新风气;引“诸子略”,杂糅并取,融铸统汇,体现才高博洽、为世通儒的学者面目;引“诗赋略”,多引马、扬大赋,是《广成颂》虽名为颂,实为赋体的内证。通过《广成颂》的用典,不仅可窥见当年马融等人校书东观时师古不泥古、择善而从的学术态度,而且可据以考订马融本人博览群书的范围及其丰硕的经注成果。

The full text of Guang Cheng Song is recorded in Ma Rong’s Biography,Hou Han Shu.It is rich in allusions and conforms to the feature of“derived from the old text”that the author claims in his self-preface.Guang cheng Song,a study tells,cited 12 volumes(7 kinds)from Liu Yi Lue,60 times,10 kinds(3 schools)from Zhu Zi Lue,22 times,and 7 poems(5 schools),18 times.Its drawing from Liu Yi Lue shows the characteristics of combining language of both classics and contemporary,leading the new trend of the times,of introducing Zhu Zi Lue and its absorption,of reflecting the author’s brilliance as a scholar of Confucianism.It draws from Shi Fu Lue,mainly Dafu of Ma and Yang,an evidence that it bears the Fu style.A study of the allusions in it reveals not only the academic attitude of Ma Rong and other scholars when they studied and collated the books,but also his scope of study and fruitful achievement.