游学与明清闺塾师的文化身份认同

Study Tour and Cultural Identity of Teachers of the Inner Chambers in Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期,部分才女为谋生而走出闺阁,担任闺塾师。她们任教而行,活跃于大江南北,形成独特的游学活动。明清闺塾师或为谋生、或为社交、或为结社吟诗而出游。闺塾师游学具有四个特点,即个体的独立性、社交的主动性、鲜明的示范性和行旅的风险性。闺塾师的游学四方产生了积极的影响,既扩大闺塾师的视野,丰富了艺术创造素材;也拓展她们的生活空间,延伸至公共领域;同时,推动扩大了文化交流,促进社会女性观念的重塑,同时也便于闺塾师参与政治活动,实现其家国抱负。而这些,无疑推动了明清闺塾师文化身份的自我认同和社会认同。

In Ming and Qing Dynasties,some talented women went out of boudoir for a living,and served as teachers of the inner chambers. They taught by teaching,activing in the north and south of the river,and formed a unique study tour activity. Teachers of the inner chambers in Ming and Qing Dynasties travelled for a living,or social intercourse,or association for poetry. The study tour of teachers of the inner chambers took on four characteristics,such as individual independence,social initiative,vivid demonstration and travel risk. The study tour of teachers of the inner chambers had a positive impact,which not only expanded their visual field and enriched the artistic creation material,but also expanded their living space and extended to the public domain. Meanwhile,it promoted the expansion of cultural exchanges and promoted the reshaping of social women’s ideas,and made them convenient to participate in political activities and to achieve its national aspirations. This will undoubtedly promoted the cultural identity,self-identity and social identity of the inner chambers of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.