广州市售海产品中砷质量安全与健康风险评估

Quality safety and health risk assessment of arsenic in seafood sold in Guangzhou

目的对广州市售海产品进行砷质量安全评价与健康风险评估。方法采用等离子体质谱仪和高效液相色谱-原子荧光联用仪分别对广州10种市售海产品中总砷和5种砷形态化合物:亚砷酸(arsenictrioxide,As(III))、砷酸(arsenicacid,As(V))、一甲基砷(monomethylarsenic,MMA)、二甲基砷(dimethylarsenic,DMA)和砷甜菜碱(arsenobetaine, AsB)的含量进行测量,根据GB 2762-2017《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》海产品中砷含量的要求对海产品质量安全进行评价,利用危险熵数(hazardquotient,HQ)和致癌风险概率(carcinogenicrisk,CR)对其进行健康风险评估。结果海产品中总砷含量为1.45~42.54mg/kg,所有海产品中均能检测到5种砷化合物,其中无毒的AsB比例最高(93.45~99.96%)。在所有海产品中,贝类总砷含量最高,无毒的AsB所占比例较高;鱼类总砷含量低于贝类, AsB含量和比例较高,无机砷含量和比例较低。海产品中无机砷的含量均低于限量值,在国标要求的允许摄入范围内。海产品中无机砷的HQ均<1, CR<1×10-4。结论广州市售海产品中砷含量处于安全水平,日常消费对人类不会造成致癌风险以及健康威胁。

Objective To evaluate the quality safety and health risk of arsenic in seafood sold in Guangzhou. Methods Totally 10 seafood products samples from Guangzhou, China were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet photo-oxidation-hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry for total arsenic and 5 arsenic species: arsenic trioxide(As(III)), arsenic acid(As(V)), monomethyl arsenic(MMA), dimethyl arsenic(DMA) and arsenobetaine(AsB). The quality of seafood was evaluated according to the requirements of GB 2762-2017 National food safety standard-Limit contaminants in food. Hazard Quotient(HQ) and Carcinogenic Risk(CR) were used to evaluate the people’s health risk. Results Total arsenic concentrations varied from 1.45 to 42.54 mg/kg, 5 arsenic species were detected in all seafood products, and proportion of non-toxic AsB was the highest(93.45%~99.96%). Among all seafood products, the total arsenic content of shellfish was the highest, and the proportion of non-toxic AsB was higher. The total arsenic content of fish was lower than that of shellfish, the content and proportion of AsB were higher, and the content and proportion of inorganic arsenic were lower. The content of inorganic arsenic in seafood is lower than the limit value, within the allowable intake range required by the national standard. The inorganic arsenic HQ and CR value in seafood were below 1 and 1×10-4, respectively. Conclusion The arsenic content in seafood sold in Guangzhou is at a safe level, and daily consumption will not cause cancer risk and health threat to humans.