上海马陆地区婴儿湿疹的危险因素分析

Analysis of risk factors of infant eczema in Malu Area, Shanghai

目的:探讨居住环境等因素对婴儿湿疹发生的影响。方法:对2016年4月1日至2017年3月31日在上海市马陆镇社区卫生服务中心儿童保健门诊体检的739例婴儿监护人进行问卷调查。其中湿疹组有婴儿108例,平均月龄为(4.32±2.96)月;非湿疹组有婴儿631例,平均月龄为(4.37±2.79)月。结果:婴儿出生后3 d内摄入非母乳物质、辅食添加早于4月龄、婴儿卧室墙面材料、婴儿卧室清洁频率、清洗晾晒被褥的频率、居住环境粉尘暴露、及家族过敏史是影响婴儿湿疹发病的独立危险因素,家中种植花草是婴儿湿疹发病的保护因素。结论:可通过饮食喂养、居住环境、家族过敏史等危险因素进行宣教,以减少婴儿湿疹的发病,减缓家长的紧张焦虑情绪,缓解婴儿湿疹的发病情况。

Objective:To explore the influence of living environment and other factors on infant eczema.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted among 739 guardians of infants who underwent physical examination at the Children’s Health Clinic of Malu Community Health Service Center in Shanghai from April 1,2016 to March 31,2017.Among them,there were 108 infants in the eczema group with an average age of(4.32±2.96)months;631 infants in the non-eczema group with an average age of(4.37±2.79)months.Results:The independent risk factors for infant eczema were the intake of nonbreast milk substances within 3 days after birth,the addition of supplementary food earlier than 4 months,the wall material of infant bedroom,the cleaning frequency of infant bedroom,the frequency of cleaning and drying bedding,dust exposure in living environment,and family allergy history,and planting flowers and plants at home was a protective factor for the onset of infant eczema.Conclusion:Education on risk factors such as diet feeding,living environment and family allergy history can reduce the incidence of infant eczema,relieve parents’anxiety and tension,and alleviate the incidence of infant eczema.