健康教育对社区慢性肾脏病患者知、信、行的影响

Influence of health education on knowledge, attitude and behavior of the patients with chronic kidney disease in the community

目的:探讨健康教育对社区慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者知、信、行的影响。方法:于2018年6月对在上海市青浦区华新、金泽两家社区体检检出的934例1~5期CKD患者进行为期6个月的健康教育干预,其中男性384人(41.1%),女性550人(58.9%)。用问卷评价CKD患者干预前后知、信、行的变化。结果:干预后患者的CKD知识答对率明显提升,差异有统计学意义(70.8%比86.0%,P<0.05)。干预前后比较,CKD患者对转诊、了解CKD知识、定期随访、健康指导以及生活方式等态度方面的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);主动了解疾病知识、定期随访、咨询、合理饮食、规范运动等行为方面的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:有效的健康教育可以提高CKD患者对疾病知识的知晓率,确立良好的生活行为和遵医行为,有助于延缓CKD的进展,减少发生心脑血管并发症和尿毒症的风险,提升CKD患者的生活质量。

Objective:To explore the influence of health education on knowledge,attitude and behavior of the patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD)in the community.Methods:In June 2018,934 patients with stage 1-5 CKD detected by physical examination in Huaxin and Jinze Communities of Qingpu District,Shanghai were given the health education intervention for a period of 6 months,and among them,there were 384 males(41.1%)and 550 females(58.9%).Questionnaires were used to evaluate the changes in knowledge,attitude and behavior of the patients with CKD before and after intervention.Results:After the intervention,the CKD knowledge of the patients was significantly improved,and the difference was statistically significant(70.8%vs.86.0%,P<0.05).Compared before and after intervention,there were statistically significant differences in CKD patients’attitudes to referral,knowledge of CKD,regular follow-up,health guidance and lifestyle(P<0.05);there were statistically significant differences in active understanding of disease knowledge,regular follow-up,counseling,reasonable diet,standardized exercise and other behaviors(P<0.05).Conclusion:Effective health education can improve the disease awareness rate of CKD patients,establish good life and compliance behaviors,help to delay the progress of CKD,reduce the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications and uremia,and improve the life quality of CKD patients.