宣州吴语浊音声母的声学实验研究——以苏皖交界地区方言为例

Acoustic study on voiced initials in Xuanzhou Wu dialects

宣州吴语太高小片的浊音声母为"清音浊流"型。铜泾小片的古全浊塞音、塞擦音今读为强气流型的闪音、塞音和擦音,这类特殊辅音的实际音质是清送气音,且均有明显弱化现象,跟普通的清辅音在声波图、宽带语图上有别。强气流闪音、塞音和普通清塞音在VOT值、VOT值所占音节时长比、H1-H2值等方面有显著性差异。强气流擦音和不送气清擦音在H1-H2值、后部音强等方面有显著性差异,但所占音节时长比无明显区别。强气流辅音的直接来源是吴语的"清音浊流"型辅音。

In the Taigao subdialect of Xuanzhou Wu dialects,voiced initials are regarded as"voiceless onset followed by breathiness".In the Tongjing subdialect,voiced stops and affricates in history are now pronounced as flaps,stops or affricates with strong airflow.These special consonants are essentially voiceless aspirates with obvious lenition,thus being distinguished from common voiceless consonants on waveforms and broadband spectrum.Strongly aspirated flaps,stops and general voiceless stops are significantly distinctive on their value of VOT,the ratio of VOT value concerning syllabic duration,and their H1-H2 value.Strongly aspirated fricatives and unaspirated voiceless fricatives are also distinguished from each other on H1-H2 value and posterior voice intensity.But they are not significantly different on the ratio concerning syllabic duration.Based on these,this paper proposes that strongly aspirated consonants are derived directly from the"voiceless onset followed by breathiness"in the Wu dialects.