黄淮海不同生态区玉米机械化粒收初步研究

Preliminary Research on Maize Grain Mechanical Harvest in Different Huang-Huai-Hai Ecological Areas

玉米机械化粒收是未来的发展方向,当前玉米机械化粒收的最大瓶颈是收获时玉米籽粒含水量偏高,导致籽粒破碎率偏高及收获质量差等问题。为推广黄淮海地区夏玉米机械化粒收,以该地区适宜机械化粒收的玉米新品种新单58为材料,郑单958为对照,在25个生态区开展机械化粒收试验,调查产量、籽粒含水量、杂质率、籽粒破碎率、生育期等。结果表明,新单58的籽粒破碎率平均值为4.8%,杂质率平均值为2.7%,均符合GB/T 21962—2008《玉米收获机械技术条件》要求;收获期新单58和郑单958的籽粒含水量与籽粒破碎率均呈显著或极显著正相关;新单58在15个生态区收获期籽粒含水量低于28%且产量高于对照产量平均值,适宜粒收;在7个生态区收获期籽粒含水量低于28%而产量低于对照平均值,较适宜粒收;在卫辉市、永年县、嘉祥县3个生态区建议适当推迟收获时期,使其在机械化粒收时籽粒含水量低于28%,以利于开展玉米新品种新单58机械化粒收。

Maize grain mechanized harvest is a harvest technology that urgently needs to be developed in future.However,mechanized grain harvest is mostly impeded by high grain broken rate and poor harvest quality that caused by high grain moisture content during harvest period.In order to popularize the mechanized grain harvest of maize in Huang-huai-hai area,a new maize variety Xindan 58 that is suitable for mechanized grain harvest in Huang-huai-hai area was employed with Zhengdan 958 as the control,the mechanized kernel harvesting were performed in 25 different locations.For evaluating the mechanical harvest characters of the two varieties,grain yield,grain moisture content,impurity rate,grain broken rate,and growth stage were investigated.The result indicated that the averages of grain broken rate and impurity rate for Xindan 58 were 4.8%and 2.7%,respectively,which all met with the standards in GB/T 21962—2008 Technical Conditions for Maize Mechanical Harvesting.The grain moisture content of Xindan 58 and Zhengdan 958(CK)showed significantly positive correlation with the grain broken rate.At 15 locations,the grain yield of Xindan 58 was higher than Zhengdan 958,and the grain moisture content was all less than 28%,which was suitable for maize grain mechanized harvest.At 7 locations,the grain moisture content was less than 28%while the yield was lower than Zhengdan 958,which was less suitable for grain harvesting.In the three locations of Weihui City,Yongnian County,and Jiaxiang County,it is proposed to postpone the harvest time appropriately to make the grain moisture content lower than 28%in mechained grain harvesting,so as to facilitate the development of Xindan 58 grain mechanical harvest.