多彩贵州特色景观植物优选防治石漠化栽培研究

Cultivation and application of local landscaping plants for rocky desertification control in Guizhou

多彩贵州公园省碳酸盐岩层分布面积达73.0%以上,优选其特色景观植物开展防治石漠化栽培应用具有重要意义。通过植物资源评价和实地调查比较,筛选出贵州特色景观植物20种,开展了采种育苗、迁地栽培和防治石漠化林业绿化工程应用的试验研究,结果表明:(1)调查发现在筛选出的20种植物中,已开展应用栽培的有6种(30.00%),另14种(70.00%)仅有少量中试,尚需扩大试验和推广应用。(2)20种贵州特色景观植物的苗木引种存活率普遍大于采种播种出苗率和应用栽培成活率,除了荔波红瘤果茶和贵州石笔木迁地露地栽培的存活率分别为83.06%和88.26%外,其他都在90.08%以上。(3)在阔瓣白兰花、红豆树、黄连木、清香木、贵州槭、掌叶木、银杏、鹅掌楸、贵州石楠、马蹄决明、灰毡毛忍冬、岩百合等12种植物的种苗繁育、引种栽培和应用试验结果中,苗木引种存活率与应用栽培存活率差异不显著,苗木引种存活率与采种播种出苗率的差异显著(P<0.05),应用栽培存活率与采种播种出苗率的差异显著(P<0.05);但是,在伞花木、贵州红山茶、红花瘤果茶、荔波红瘤果茶、贵州石笔木、香果树、栾树、喜树等8种植物的试验结果中苗木引种存活率、应用栽培存活率和采种播种出苗率两两之间都存在显著差异(P<0.05)。(4)在防治石漠化栽培应用试验中的种苗成活率皆未达到极显著(P<0.01),表明其筛选植物的苗木就地繁育引种栽培和采集种子繁育种苗栽培的方法皆适合于生产应用;其中阔瓣白兰花、贵州槭、贵州红山茶、红花瘤果茶、荔波红瘤果茶、贵州石笔木、香果树、岩百合等8种植物,采用采集种子异地育苗开展应用栽培的效果最好。

The distribution area of carbonate rocks accounts for over 73.0%of the total area of Guizhou.It is of great significance to use local landscaping plants to control rocky desertification.Through plant resource evaluation and field investigation,20 local landscaping plants were selected and experiments on seed collection,breeding,ex-situ cultivation and engineering application were carried out.The results showed that:(1)6 species(30%)of the 20 plants had been cultivated for application,while the other 14 species(70%)had only a small number of pilot-scale experiments,which needed further study.(2)The survival rate of seedling introduction of the 20 plants was generally higher than that of seed sprouting and applied cultivation,all above 90.08%,except for that of Camellia rubimuricata(83.06%)and Tutcheria kweichowensis(88.26%).(3)There was no significant difference between the survival rate of seedling introduction and that of applied cultivation of 12 species of the 20 plants(Michelia platypetala,Ormosia hosie,Pistacia chinensis,Pistacia weinmannifolia,Acer guizhouensis,Handeliodendron bodinieri,Ginkgo biloba L.,Liriodendron chinense,Photinia bodinieri,Cassia tora,Lonicera macranthoides and Lilium brownii var.Viridulum),but there was significant difference between the survival rate of seedling introduction and that of seed sprouting(P<0.05),and between the survival rate of applied cultivation and that of seed sprouting(P<0.05).However,there was significant difference in the test results of the other 8 species(Eurycorymbus cavaleriei,C.kweichouensis,C.rubituberculata,C.rubimuricata,Tutcheria kweichowensis,Emmenopterys henryi,Koelreuteria paniculata and Camptotheca acuminate)(P<0.05).(4)The survival rate of seedlings in the experiment of applied cultivation was not significant(P<0.01),which indicated that the methods of seedling introduction and seed sprouting were suitable for production and application.8 species,including Michelia platypetala,Acer guizhouensis,C.kweichouensis,C.rubituberculata,C.rubimuricata,Tutcheria kweichowensis,Emmenopterys henryi and Lilium brownii var.viridulum,had the best effect by ex-situ seed sprouting.