外空国际法律体系对我国航天立法之影响

The Influence of the Outer Space Law on China’s Space Legislation

规范与履约是航天法立法的两项基本功能。我国批准和加入了除了1979年“月球协定”以外的其他四项外空公约,并积极参与甚至主导了多项外空软法规则的谈判和制定。这些公约和软法规正逐渐形成一个较为完整的外空国际法律原则和规则体系,并在人类的空间活动中正在发挥着重要的作用。在这个体系中尤其值得关注的是1967年《外空条约》,该条约所制定的十项原则,不仅体现为各国空间活动的原则内容,更是具体化为规制人类航天活动的规则体系。我国的航天法必须通过立法的形式将有关的原则和规则本地化,真实和准确地履行规则义务,保护国家的外空利益。我国亦可以通过法律的途径来合理有效地规制国内的航天活动,实现航天活动管理的科学性与有效性。

Standardization and performance are the two basic functions of space law legislation.In addition to the 1979 Moon Agreement,China has ratified and acceded to four conventions on outer space,and has actively participated in and even led the formulation and negotiation of a number of rules on soft law regarding outer space.The rules of the Convention and the rules of soft law have gradually formed a relatively complete system of international legal principles and rules regarding outer space,and are playing an important role in human activities in outer space.The 1967 Outer Space Treaty,which is of particular concern in this system,sets out ten principles that are not only reflected in the principles for the space activities of States,but also translated into a system of rules governing human activities in outer space.China s space law is bound to localize the relevant principles and rules in the form of legislation,truly and accurately fulfill the obligations of the rules,and protect the interests of the country in outer space.It can also regulate the domestic space activities reasonably and effectively through a legal method,and realize the scientific and effective management of outer space activities.