河北省设施西甜瓜化肥农药使用情况调查及分析

Investigation and Analysis on Use of Fertilizer and Pesticide under Facility Watermelon and Melon Production in Hebei Province

采用实地调研和问卷调查相结合的方法,对河北省5个设施西甜瓜主产区化肥农药投入、病虫害发生种类及防治、主要茬口生产投入等情况进行调查分析。结果表明:河北省设施西甜瓜化肥和农药过量施用、生产投入大的现象普遍;化学药剂防治是病虫害防治的主要技术手段,农药使用品种最多达30种;全生育期施用化肥折合氮磷钾纯养分含量分别平均为25、15、30 kg·(667 m2)-1;肥料农药仍为设施生产投入的主要组成部分。建议替代或减少化肥和农药的使用量,推广水肥一体化、高温闷棚、嫁接育苗、蜜(熊)蜂授粉等技术,形成规范的减肥减药高效种植模式,提高化肥农药的利用率。

Taking field investigation combined with questionnaire survey,this paper investigated and analyzed the usage condition of fertilizers and pesticides in 5 main watermelon and melon production areas in Hebei Province.The results showed that excessive application of fertilizers and pesticides,big production input in watermelon and melon production was ubiquitous phenomenon.Over 30 kinds of pesticides were applied.The pure nutrient content of converted nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of fertilizer during the whole growth period was 25,15,30 kg · (667 m2)-1,respectively.The paper suggested to popularize the following techniques:integration of water and fertilizer,sealing shed with high-temperature,raising seedlings by grafting,adopting honeybee pollination,etc.,so as to form a standard and efficient planting mode with reduced fertilizer and pesticide application,and improve the use ratio of fertilizer and pesticide.