认同、认知与实践:当代西方族性研究的三种路径

Identity,Cognition and Practice: The Three Approaches of Ethnicity Studies in the Contemporary West

当代西方学界在族性研究方面存在认同、认知与实践三种路径,它们相互影响并不断衍生为新的理论体系。族群认同理论关注族性的生成机制,为族群意识产生的宏观社会学分析提供便利;“认知转向”批判族群认同理论的群体性和同质性倾向,以全新的族性概念开拓微观研究视域;实践视角注重权力关系讨论,试图以“整体观”描述社会场域中族性的变迁规律。族性是一个社会分类的工具性概念,鉴于中西方社会结构方面存在“关系化”与“类别化”逻辑的差异,应在本土经验上发展适应中国性质的族群研究相关概念和理论,促进族群理论的“中国化”。

There are three approaches of ethnicity studies in the Contemporary Western academia,namely identity,cognition and practice,which interact with each other and constantly produce new theoretical systems.The theory on ethnic identity focuses on the generation mechanism of ethnicity,which facilitates macro-sociologic analysis of collective consciousness;the“cognitive turn”criticizes the“groupness”and homogeneity trend found in ethnic identity theory,thus opening up a microscopic research field with a new definition of ethnicity;the practical perspective calls attention to the analysis of power relations,and attempts to explain the phenomenon of ethnicity change with a holistic approach in the social field.Ethnicity is an instrumental concept of social classification,and in view of the difference with the“relational”and“categorical”logic in social structures between China and Western countries,it is necessary to construct relevant concepts and theories adapted to Chinese ethnic studies based on indigenous experiences,so as to promote the“sinicization”of ethnic theories.