马达加斯加可膨胀石墨的制备与研究

Preparation and Study of Expansible Graphite from Madagascar

以马达加斯加提纯石墨为原料,分别以醋酸,硫酸,硝酸,高氯酸,磷酸,高锰酸钾为氧化插层剂,在药剂种类,药剂用量,反应时间,反应温度等条件进行单因素试验寻求以马达加斯加石墨为原料制备可膨胀石墨的最佳条件。得到的最佳条件为:石墨质量(g)∶高氯酸体积(mL)∶磷酸体积(mL)∶高锰酸钾质量(g)=3∶9∶2∶0.3,在50℃下反应30 min。可制得膨胀体积为350 mL·g^-1的可膨胀石墨,分级后+0.300 mm石墨可制得膨胀体积为480 mL·g^-1的可膨胀石墨。XRD和SEM分析证明确实有含氧酸根(H2PO4^-,HPO4^2-,PO4^3-和ClO4^-)的插入使石墨得以受热膨胀。

Using refined graphite from Madagascar as raw material,acetic acid,sulfuric acid,nitric acid,perchloric acid,phosphoric acid and potassium permanganate as oxidizing intercalation agent,the optimum conditions for preparing expanded graphite were explored through single factor experiments under the conditions of reagent type,dosage and reaction temperature.The optimum process is determined as follows:mgraphite(g) ∶ VHClO4(mL) ∶ VH3PO4(mL) ∶ mKMnO4(g) = 3∶ 9∶ 2∶0.3,and the reaction time is 30 min at 50 ℃ . Expansible graphite with expansion ratio of 350 can be prepared.Expansible graphite with expansion ratio of 480 can be prepared by grading graphite with + 0.300 mm.XRD and SEM analysis show that the graphite can be heated and expanded by the insertion of oxyacid radicals(H2PO4^-,HPO4^2-,PO4^3- and ClO4^-).