装甲抗侵彻技术研究进展及对化工储罐保护层风险防控的借鉴

Research progress of armor technology in anti-penetration and its reference for risk pre-control of protective layer of chemical storage tanks

爆炸碎片对化工储罐的侵彻作用破坏性极强,储罐保护层技术作为侵彻事故风险防控的重要手段却仍处于起步阶段。典型的保护层技术,如军事装甲技术研究已经较为成熟,可为储罐保护层技术发展提供重要的借鉴意义。本文系统分析了国内外有关化工储罐保护层及军事装甲防护侵彻损伤的相关文献,指出化工储罐保护层技术研究亟待解决的问题,并参考装甲技术研究进展提出其进一步研究方向:在材料选取方面应考虑防弹金属、陶瓷以及一些新兴材料的应用及耦合设计;在结构设计方面可以采用实验及数值模拟两种方法,研究储罐保护层层数、各层厚度比、各层排列顺序、层间间隙等诸多关键参数对储罐保护层抗侵彻性能的影响。通过对侵彻事故发生概率及事故后果严重程度两方面的表征,为储罐保护层技术在爆炸碎片多米诺效应事故风险防控中的应用提供参考。

The penetration effect of explosive fragments on chemical storage tanks is extremely destructive.As an important means of risk pre-control in penetration accidents,the protective layer technology of storage tanks is still in its infancy.Research on military armor technology,the typical protective layer technology,is relatively mature,which can provide important reference for the development of protective layer of storage tanks.The related literatures on protective layer of chemical storage tanks and the military armor against penetration damage at home and abroad were systematically analyzed.Then the problems to be solved and the research direction to be further developed were put forward according to the research progress of armor technology.In the aspect of material selection,the application and coupling design of bulletproof metals,ceramics and some emerging materials should be considered.In terms of structural design,the ballistic experiment and numerical simulation were supposed to be utilized to study a series of key parameters such as the number of protective layers,thickness ratio,sequence of each layer and air gap etc.,which affect the penetration resistance of the protective layer.By characterizing the probability of penetration accidents and the severity of the accident consequences,this review can be considered as the reference for the application of protective layer technology in risk pre-control of Domino effect accidents caused by explosive fragments in chemical industry park.