规模化知识整理与普及：《万有文库》的知识社会史考察

The Arrangement and Popularization of knowledge : Research on the Complete Library from the Perspective of Social History of Knowledge

通过知识社会史考察,本文认为《万有文库》作为近代以来第一部大型的“全学科”视域丛书,某种程度上改变了近代的知识生产格局:第一,商务印书馆等现代出版机构开始接续政府职能,成为近代知识整理的主要承担者;第二,出版机构不再仅囿于知识生产,开始参与新式图书馆系统的建构,同图书馆的关系于“为馆配书”外增添了“因书建馆”的复杂性。这一过程表明,《万有文库》同“民众教育运动”的“亲”缘关系要更甚于“新图书馆运动”,绝非后者的附庸,其参与知识服务的主动性以及驱动近代图书阅藏机构建设的能动性均被低估。

Based on the research of the society history of knowledge,this paper holds that the Complete Library,as the first large-scale series of books from the perspective of whole subject since modern times,had changed the pattern of knowledge production to some extent.First,modern publishing institutions,such as the Commercial Press,begun to take over the functions of the government and became the main undertakers of modern knowledge collation.Secondly,publishing institutions were no longer confined to knowledge production,but had begun to participate in the construction of a new library system.The relationship between publishing institutions and libraries added the complexity of building libraries based on books.This process showed that It is more related to the“Mass Education Movement”than the“New Library Movement”.It is by no means a vassal existence of the latter.Its initiative to participate in knowledge services and to drive the construction of modern book collecting institutions are both underestimated.