基于Pathfinder的化工企业人员应急疏散模拟

Emergency Evacuation in a Chemical Enterprise Based on Pathfinder Simulation

以西南地区某化工企业发生液氨泄漏事故为典型案例情景,通过高斯烟羽扩散模型预测事故发生后果,划分出三个主要影响区域,包括高危区、中危区和低危区。利用Pathfinder仿真软件模拟厂区内人员的应急疏散路径,得出各区域员工的疏散时间。结果表明:在避免受液氨泄漏扩散的中毒伤害前提下,高危区、中危区和低危区的可用疏散时间分别为92、245、561 s。在上述时间范围内,各区域作业员工均能安全疏散至厂区外。研究结果可为事故应急预案设计提供决策支持,以尽可能减小突发性安全事故所造成的人员伤亡。

Taking an accident of liquid ammonia leakage occurred in a chemical plant in southwestern China as a typical case,environmental consequence were predicted by using Gaussian plume diffusion model and divide the impacted area into the high-risk area,middle-risk area and low-risk area. On this basis,Pathfinder software package was used to simulate the emergency evacuation path for the enterprise’s employees,and identify the evacuation time. The result shows that all the employees can be successfully evacuated outside the plant within certain time period corresponding to the three risk area,i. e.,92,245,561 s for the high-risk area,middle-risk area and lowrisk area,respectively. The results provides insight into decision support for the design of emergency contingency plan,to minimize casualties caused by the sudden safety accidents.