安阳殷墟大司空村东南地2015-2016年发掘报告

THE EXCAVATION OF DASIKONG VILLAGE LOCUS SOUTHEAST OF THE YINXU SITE IN ANYANG IN 2015-2016

2015年11月中旬至2016年11月上旬,为配合安阳殷墟墟保护区内豫北棉纺织厂(或称豫北纱厂)棚户区改造工程,中国社会科学院考古研究所安阳工作队在获得国家文物局准许发掘批复(考执字2015第620号)后,在豫北纱厂厂区西北部(殷墟NE0201)进行了考古发掘(图一;图版壹)。

The Dasikong Village Locus Southeast is about 700 m to the east of the palace and ancestral temple zone of the Yinxu Site. In 2015 and 2016,the Anyang Archaeological Team,Institute of Archaeology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences conducted excavation in the northwest of Yubei Cotton Mills. The excavation uncovered 6493 sq m in total,from which features of the Shang Dynasty,including 43 house foundations,over 400 ash pits and cellars,22 water wells,153 burials,one chariot-and-horse pit,and over 30 urn burials,sacrificial pits burying oxen,horses and human beings,and other remains related to sacrificial activities,were recovered. The architectural foundations recovered in the east of the excavated area was closely neighboring the "Section C"excavated in 2004,and formed large-scale quadrangle-style architectural complex with the latter,which would be the site of the ancestral temple of a clan living in this area and residential zone of high-ranking aristocrats. From water well J25,seven pieces of oracle bones of non-royal divinatory inscriptions were unearthed,the inscriptions of which were mostly personal names or clan names,providing textual materials for the research on the lineage-based settlements in Yinxu Site. In addition,large amounts of artifacts made of pottery,bone,shell,stone,etc. were unearthed in the excavation,which also provided important physical materials for the studies on the urban development of the Yixu Site and the patterns of the lineage-based settlements. All of the burials excavated in this area were medium-and small-sized burials,the ones of which with higher ranks had all been looted before the excavation,and the remaining grave goods were mostly pottery wares,and the popular assemblages were dou-stemmed bowl,gui-tureen,li-cauldron,jar and zeng-steamer,each type has only one piece. This kind of pottery assemblage was different from that of gu-goblet and jue-cup,and the latter was the most popular in the Yinxu Site. These burials were arranged around the house foundations,sometimes intruding in the house foundations or superimposed by house foundations;this frequent overlapping situation showed the "residences combined with burials"layout pattern of the lineage-based settlement in Dasikong Village Locus Southeast. Moreover,some special stratigraphical relationships were also found in these burials,such as M7 intruded in M28 but yielded it,which reflected that during the Shang Dynasty,burials were also avoiding intrusion or superimposition among each other.