江淮以南地区暴雨和强降水的中尺度天气动力学研究进展

The major research advance of rainstorm and heavy precipitation regarding the mesoscale weather dynamics in south of Yangtze-Huaihe River basin

经过新中国成立以来多次中尺度天气试验研究,江淮以南地区暴雨和强降水的中尺度天气动力学研究取得长足进展。其进展主要体现在两个方面:一是用较高分辨率的观测资料(包括地面和高空探测的加密观测以及卫星和雷达的观测)对形成暴雨和强降水的中尺度天气系统的结构特征和生命史过程建立了天气学概念模型,特别是对暴雨和强降水有重要影响的α中尺度和β中尺度对流系统,建立了观测个例的中尺度物理模型;二是探索了暴雨和强降水的动力学和热力学的物理机制,为精细化数值模式的设计提供了理论支撑,为灾害性天气预测预警提供了技术支持。本文在以往暴雨和强降水研究的基础上,着重对暴雨和强降水的中尺度天气科学试验、江淮以南地区暴雨和强降水发生主要区域的中尺度天气动力学研究进行了概述。

On the basis of many mesoscale weather experiments after the founding of new China.The study of rainstorms and heavy precipitation regarding the mesoscale weather dynamics has made much achievement in the south of Yangtze-Huaihe River basin.The progress is mainly reflected in two aspects:First is the establishment of the synoptic conceptual models of the structural characteristics and life history processes of mesoscale weather systems that form rainstorms and heavy precipitation with high-resolution observation data,including intensive observations at ground and upper air sounding,as well as satellite and radar observations.In particular,the mesoscale physical models of the observed cases are built for the meso-αscale and meso-βscale convective systems which have important influence on rainstorms and heavy precipitation.The second is to explore the mechanism of dynamics and thermodynamics of rainstorms and heavy precipitation that provides theoretical support for the design of fine numerical models and provides solid foundation for severe weather prediction and warning.This paper comprehensively summarizes associated scientific experiments and mesoscale researches of rainstorms and heavy precipitation in south of Yangtze-Huaihe River basin.