华北财团资本之属性与演变探析

Analysis on the Capital Attribute and Evolution of North China Consortium

资本为华北财团的核心要素,亦为客观认识华北财团性质的关键因素。基于中国浓厚的家族文化,华北财团资本应界定为“官僚军阀为核心的特权家族资本”,其本质应为资本主义属性,但同时具有较强的“人合”性质。华北财团资本经营具有特权性与强权性、封建性等非经济属性,长期依恃特权进行非市场经营,获取超额利润。但随着市场发育,政治局势变化,至北京政府后期,京津系、奉系与晋系三大财团因政治地位变化,出现不同分化趋势,分别向市场化、官商资本膨胀、公营化方向转化。华北财团现象为我国民族资本主义发展早期,在市场发育不充分,官本位意识顽固存在等经济文化背景下出现的特殊形态,其经验教训值得汲取。

Capital was the core element of the North China Consortium and also the key factor to understand the nature of the North China Consortium objectively.Based on China's strong family culture,North China Consortium capital should be defined as"privileged family capital with bureaucrats and warlords at the core".It is capitalist in nature,but at the same time it has a strong"personal combination"attribute.The capital management of North China Consortium has such non-economic attributes as being privileged,power-controlled and feudal.It has long operated under privilege on a non-market basis to obtain excess profits.However,with the development of the market and changes in the political situation,by the end of the Beijing government of the Republic of China(1912-1928),the three major consortiums of Beijing-Tianjin Clique,Fengtian Clique and Shanxi Clique evolved towards different directions due to changes in their political status.They were respectively transformed in the direction of marketization;expansion of government and business capital;and nationalization.The North China Consortium phenomenon was a special form in the early stage of China's national capitalism under the economic and cultural background of insufficient market development and diehard persistence of official departmentalism consciousness.Its experience and lessons are worth learning.