用时空结合观分析几个“舒声促化”字

Analysis of Several Words of Voice Relaxation for Variation: A Perspective of Space-Time Combination

现代方言中的一些舒声促化字,比如“只只管”和“指指头”是自古而来并非现代才发生的,而在一般字书韵书等文献中很难找到书证或找不到书证,也不知其形成的历史。对于这种现象,可以运用时空结合的方法,将现实与历史打通,将语言因素与社会因素联系起来,结合其他材料推测其促化的历史年代并兼及其成因;由此探寻一些特色突出的方言词的本字,进而思考北方方言中一些词应该早已是用借字来记录的,其本字的探寻也可以从古舒声促化中找到线索。“只只管”和“指指头”促化的年代可以上溯至魏晋,晋方言词语“水不擦”“不擦子”中“擦”的本字是“池”。

In modern dialects,some words of"voice relaxation for variation"came from ancient times or did do not occur in modern times,such as“只只管”and“指指头.”However,it is difficult to find documentary evidence or no documentary evidence is available in common books of words or books of rhymes,and the history of their formation is unknown.We can approach this phenomenon by combining time and place,associating reality with history,connecting language factors with social factors,in combination with other materials,to infer the historical age of its formation and its causes.The author explores the original characters of some dialect words with outstanding characteristics,and believes that some words in northern dialects should have been recorded by borrowing words long ago.The exploration of the original Chinese characters can also find clues from the ancient"voice relaxation for variation."The voice relaxation for variation of“只只管”and“指指头”could be traced back to the Wei and Jin Dynasties.The original word of“擦”in the Shanxi dialect words“水不擦”and“不擦子”is“池.”