糯高粱杂交组合丝黑穗病抗性鉴定与评价

Identification and Evaluation of Resistance to Head Smut in Glutinous Sorghum Hybrid Combination

2014-2018年,采用人工接菌法,对151份糯高粱杂交组合进行丝黑穗病抗性鉴定。结果表明:参鉴糯高杂交组合抗丝黑穗病能力较强,以抗病品种偏多,其中0级免疫(IM)的糯高粱组合有115份,占供试糯高粱组合总数的76.2%;1级高抗(HR)组合8份占供试糯高粱组合总数的5.3%;3级抗(R)病组合4份,占供试糯高粱组合总数的2.0%;5级中抗(MR)的组合有10个,占总数的6.6%;7级感病(S)的组合有12个,占总数的7.9%;9级高度感病(HS)组合有2个,分别是13218 A/83625 R和13218 A/TY 3560 R。不育系1317 A、13218 A、13221 A、1326 A、1429 A、18 A和恢复系20982 R、23560 R、217 R、23560 R、83625 R、L 2 R、TY 3560 R、213 R等亲本材料所配制组合感病率较高,在西南丝黑穗病病区应慎用。不育系09 A、1318 A、1335 A、1358 A、13 Y 05 A、13 y 20 A、3268 A、407 A、3307 A、45 A、1342 A、15 Y 26 A、1431 A、54 A和恢复系381 R、279 R等所配糯高粱杂交组合抗丝黑穗病能力强,应加强利用。最新登记(审定)6个糯高粱新品种均抗高粱丝黑穗病。本结果可为糯高粱丝黑穗病抗性品种选育提供借鉴和参考,为新品种的合理布局提供理论依据。

From 2014 to 2018,151 glutinous sorghum hybrid combinations were identified as resistant to head smut by artificial inoculation.The results of identification and analysis of 151 combinations showed that the glutinous high hybrid combination had a strong resistance to head smut,and there were a large number of disease-resistant varieties.Among them,115 glutinous sorghum combinations with grade 0 immunity(IM)accounted for 76.2%of the total glutinous sorghum combinations tested.Eight HR combinations of grade 1 accounted for 5.3%of the total number of glutinous sorghum combinations tested.Four combinations of grade 3 resistance(R)disease accounted for 2.0% of the total combinations of glutinous sorghum.There were 10 combinations of grade 5 MR,accounting for 6.6%of the total.There were 12 cases of grade 7 infection(S),accounting for 7.9% of the total.There were two grade 9 highly susceptible(HS)combinations,respectively 13218 A/83625 Rand 13218 A/TY 3560 R.The combination of sterile lines 1317 A,13218 A,13221 A,1326 A,1429 A,18 Aand restorer lines 20982 R,23560 R,217 R,23560 R,83625 R,L 2 R,TY 3560 R,213 Rand other parental materials had a high incidence of disease,which should be used with caution in the southwest head smut disease area.The glutinous sorghum hybrid combinations of sterile lines 09 A,1318 A,1335 A,1358 A,13 y 05 A,13 y 20 A,3268 A,407 A,3307 A,45 A,1342 A,15 Y26 A,1431 A,54 Aand restorer lines 381 Rand 279 Rhad strong resistance to head smut and should be strengthened.Six new glutinous sorghum varieties registered were resistant to sorghum head smut.The results could be used as reference for selection and breeding of glutinous sorghum head smut resistant varieties and provided theoretical basis for rational distribution of new varieties.