旅游发展对传统聚落空间集体记忆的影响研究——以京西、黔中四村为例

A Study on the Influence Mechanism of Tourism based on the Spatial Collective Memory of Vernacular Villages:with Cases Study of Four Villages in Western-Beijing and Mid-Guizhou

随着城镇化的推进及乡村旅游的发展,相当多传统聚落的空间环境已经历了显著的变化,原有的诸多承载"乡愁记忆"的场所已日趋消失。本文研究基于集体记忆理论和城市意象理论,从村民的视角对比北京市门头沟区灵水村和爨底下、贵州省安顺市鲍家屯和高荡村四个具有不同旅游发展背景的传统聚落村民的空间集体记忆,探讨其特征、成因及影响机制。研究发现区位不同的传统聚落,其不同的历史文化、聚落形态、地理环境使得村民空间集体记忆呈现出不同特点。旅游发展程度越高,传统聚落村民空间集体记忆的空间体系完整度越低,点状集中的特点更明显。村集体主导的旅游经营方式相比政府和企业共同主导的旅游经营方式,村民空间集体记忆中主要要素的空间体系更不完整且占总要素的比例更低。

With the advancement of urbanization and the development of rural tourism, the problem that villages lost their characteristics has become increasingly prominent, and the study on the protection of vernacular village space environment requires being strengthened. Based on the theory of Collective Memory and City Image Theory, this paper compares the spatial collective memory of the four vernacular villages-Cuandixia and Lingshui village in Mentougou District, Beijing, and Baojiatun and Gaodang village in Anshun City, Guizhou Province from the perspective of villagers, discussing its characteristics and causes and exploring the influence mechanism. The study finds that the vernacular villages of different regions are different in historical and cultural backgrounds, settlements, geographical environments, resulting in the different characteristics of spatial collective memory of villagers. The higher the degree of tourism development, the lower the completeness of the spatial system of collective settlement of the villagers, and the more obvious characteristics of the point concentration. Compared to the government and enterprise jointly dominated the way of tourism development, the villagers’ spatial collective memory is more incomplete and main elements of the space system of total factor ratio is lower under the village collective dominant way of tourism development.