乳腺癌筛查间期癌的研究进展

A comprehensive review of interval breast cancer of screening programs

筛查作为疾病的二级预防,旨在疾病的临床前期做好早期发现、早期诊断和早期治疗,以改善预后。乳腺癌筛查是通过有效、简便、经济的乳腺检查措施,对无症状妇女开展筛查,其最终目的是降低人群乳腺癌的死亡率。乳腺X线筛查对降低40岁以上妇女乳腺癌死亡率的作用已经得到了国内外大多数学者的认可。上海市抗癌协会2019版《居民常见恶性肿瘤筛查和预防推荐》建议一般风险妇女从35岁开始,隔年行1次乳腺X线检查;40岁以上,每1~2年行1次乳腺X线检查;60岁以后,每隔2~3年行乳腺X线检查1次。筛查间期乳腺癌也因筛查的开展而产生,一般认为与筛查发现的乳腺癌相比,筛查间期癌更具侵袭性,预后更差。为全面了解其临床病理特征及预后,为如何提高筛查获益提供线索,现就筛查间期乳腺癌作一综述。

Screening,as the secondary prevention of disease,aims to improve the prognosis by early detection,diagnosis and treatment at the preclinical stage of the disease.Breast cancer screening is an effective,simple and economical way to screen asymptomatic women.Its ultimate goal is to reduce breast cancer mortality.Most scholars at home and abroad have recognized the role of mammography screening in reducing the mortality of women over 40 years old with breast cancer.In 2019,Shanghai anti-cancer association issued recommendations for screening and prevention of common malignancies in residents.It recommended women at average risk get mammograms every other year,starting at the age of 35;Mammography every 1-2 years for the age of 40 and older;Mammograms should be done every two to three years after the age of 60.Interval breast cancer is also caused by screening.Compared with breast cancer detected by screening,interval cancer is generally considered to be more invasive and have a worse prognosis.In order to fully understand its clinicopathological features and prognosis,and to provide clues on how to improve the benefit of screening,the following review is made on interval breast cancer.