五四代际之争与辛亥原点再议——以《失掉的好地狱》为中心刘春勇

Re-discussion on the intergenerational dispute during the May 4th Movement and the origin of the Revolution of 1911——Centered on The Lost Good Hell

《失掉的好地狱》与《杂忆》写作于同一天,后者颇为详尽地讲述了鲁迅的辛亥经历,深情地回顾了民国建立的经过以及民元时期的“希望”,同时表达了对民元之后的中国社会的失望。在鲁迅看来,自己及辛亥同人之所以倾力于文学,并非因为文学是高雅之物,而是那里面记录着弱者飾苦痛与呻吟,这正是辛亥一代同五四一代(“现代评论派们”)的本质性区别。正是这个原因触使了鲁迅在五四退潮时期,不断地在文字韦写之中重返辛亥原点,重拾辛亥革命的精神之力,这成就了《失掉的好地狱》这一系列文本的书写,并且通过这样一些书写,鲁迅“扬弃”前一个阶段因辛亥革命失败之顿挫而苦痛不已的自我和已然登上“高雅之文学殿堂”的五四同人,而向新的革命征程进发,去拥抱异样的具有强力之意志的“别一类人们”去了。

The Lost Good Hell and Miscellaneous Memories were written on the same day.The latter narrated Lu Xun's experience in 1911 in great detail,recalled the process of the establishment of the Republic of China and the “hope”in 1912,and expressed the disappointment of Chinese society after 1912.In Lu Xun's view,the reason why he and his comrades devoted themselves to literature is not that literature is a noble thing,but that it records the pain and moan of the weak,which is the essential difference between the 1911 generation and the May 4th generation(“modem critics”).It is because of this reason that Lu Xun kept returning to the origin of 1911 in his writing during the ebb tide of May 4th Movement and regained the spiritual power of the 1911 Revolution.This resulted in the writing of a series of books of the Lost Good Hell and,through such writing,he stepped out of the previous frustration and pain caused by the failure of The 1901 Revolution,sublated some of his May 4th comrades who have already climbed to the “palace of art”,and set out on a new revolutionary journey to embrace the “other kind of people”who were different and had a strong will.