感性与知性之划界:一个唯识学的视角

The Demarcation between Sensibility and Intellectuality: an Epistemological Perspective

感性与知性的划界,是古典认识论的一个基本问题。在佛教哲学中,这种划界是通过“寻”、“伺”这两种不定心所来说明的。说一切有部认为,前五识都有“寻”、“伺”的推察作用。而唯识今学以陈那的“量分别”为前提,接受了譬喻师的看法,对“寻”、“伺”作了重新定位与诠释,认为“寻”、“伺”必与名言相关,只能是意识的功能,并不存在于前五识中,前五识仅是对感性材料如其所是地被动接受,因而具有纯粹被给予性与非构造性的特征。由此唯识学者确立了感性与知性的严格划界,开启了唯识学心识理论的认识论转向。

The demarcation of sensibility and intellectuality is a basic problem of classical epistemology.In Buddhist philosophy,this kind of demarcation is explained by two kinds of unsettled minds:seeking and observing.On the premise of Dignāga’s“quantity difference”,idealism accepts the view of the met-aphorist,reorients and reinterprets“seeking”and“observing”.It believes that“seeking”and“observ-ing”must be related to words,and only belong to the function of consciousness,which do not exist in the first five kinds of knowledge.The first five kinds of knowledge only passively accepts the perceptual mate-rials as they were,so they are purely given and unstructured features.Therefore,the scholars of con-sciousness establish the strict demarcation between sensibility and intellectuality,and open the epistemo-logical turn of the theory of mind and consciousness.