当代中国老年监护制度发展现状及其完善路径

The Current Situation of the Development of the Aged Guardianship System in Contemporary China and the Way to Improve It

老年监护制度是伴随社会进步、弱势群体受到关注及老龄化社会需要逐步发展起来的,由于当代中国老年监护制度创设为时尚短,从规则内容到社会实践都存在着一些问题:规则层面主要是老年监护体系不完整、监护制度不完备、鼓励及监督机制缺位、权责不明、细化不足等;社会层面则包含从理念认知到职责确认,再到监护落实等方面的欠缺;最后是司法保护不足。因此,应当在规则创设及适用、社会运行及监督四个层面加以完善,充分尊重和保护被监护人意愿,建立监护人培训机制和鼓励机制,强化公权色彩,构建科学、完整的老年监护制度体系,在有条件的地区尝试设立专门的老年司法保护机构和机制,健全相应的社会组织,建立专门性的涉老保护社会载体,完善社会监督系统,确保老年监护制度良好运行。

With the development of the society,the vulnerable groups are concerned about and the aging society needs to develop gradually.Because the establishment of the elderly care system in contemporary China is too short,there are some problems from the content of the rules to the social practice.Therefore,it is necessary to improve the four aspects of new rules,application,social operation and supervision,fully respect and protect the wishes of the ward,establish the training mechanism and encouragement mechanism of the guardian,strengthen the public rights,and build a scientific and complete guardianship system for the elderly.In the areas where conditions are permitted,we will try to set up special judicial protection institutions and mechanisms for the elderly,improve the corresponding social organizations,es-tablish special social carriers for the elderly,improve the social supervision system,and ensure the good operation of the elderly care system.