新疆棉花主产区地膜回收对农户利润的影响

Effects of plastic film recovery in main cotton production areas of Xinjiang on farmers’ profits

农户是农业生产经营的微观主体,科学测定地膜回收的经济效益对于提高其地膜回收的积极性具有重要意义。文章基于新疆棉花主产区591户农户调查数据,运用倾向值匹配法测算了地膜回收的增产效果,进一步结合当前的成本投入情况分析了地膜回收对农户利润的影响。研究结果表明:①农户地膜回收决策受户主身体健康状况、宣传力度、惩罚力度、地膜回收补贴、农田地膜污染程度和农户污染治理主体责任认知等因素的显著影响;②考虑样本农户自选择和内生性问题后,地膜回收使农户亩均籽棉产量平均提高了12.49 kg,这一平均处理效应远低于现有的自然科学试验结果;③在当前棉花价格下和回收补贴政策下,地膜回收能够增加农户净利润,但地膜回收机械使用成本和补贴额度对农户新增利润影响较大。在此基础上,文章从完善地膜回收的约束型政策规制、激励型政策规制和地膜回收体系3个方面提出相应的政策建议。

Farmers are the microscopic subjects of agricultural production and management.Therefore,accurately measuring the economic benefits of plastic film recovery is of great significance for improving the enthusiasm of farmers for engaging in plastic film recovery.On the basis of the survey data of farmers from 591 households in the main cotton producing areas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China,this study applied the propensity score matching method to measure the yield increase effect of the plastic film recovery,and further analyzed the effect of plastic film recovery on farmers’profits based on the current cost of input.The research results reveal that:(1)The health status of the head of household,the propaganda,punishment and reward in government regulation,the degree of residual plastic film pollution in farmland and the recognition of the responsibility of the main body of pollution control have significant positive effects on farmers’participation in plastic film recovery;(2)Plastic film recovery increases farmers’average seed cotton yield per mu by 12.49 kg after considering the self-selection and endogeneity of the sample farmers,and this average treatment effect is lower than the existing test results in scientific literature;(3)Under the current cotton price and the recovery subsidy policy,farmers can achieve an increase in net profit,but the cost of plastic film recycling machinery and the amount of subsidies have a greater impact on farmers’new profits.On this basis,this article puts forward corresponding policy recommendations from the following three aspects:the environmental regulation of film recovery,the incentive policy and regulation,and the film recovery system.