经济全球化、反全球化与逆全球化力量的博弈:过程、现状与趋势

The Game of Economic Globalization, Anti-Globalization and Counter-Globalization:Process, Status Quo and Trend

随着资本主义的发展,以贸易扩张为主要表现形式的全球化就开始了。20世纪50年代之后,发达国家成为全球化的主要推动力量,经济全球化获得了空前的发展,一些发展中经济体也因为全球化而跨入中、高收入行列。但是,反全球化也一直伴随着全球化的过程。近年来,出现了与以往不同的变化,即原本支持全球化的一些发达国家开始反对全球化,并采取了一些实质性的行动,出现所谓的“逆全球化”思潮。论文从发展中国家与发达国家的角度分析了全球化的过程与结果,并从全球财富分配的不平等、发达国家内部分配的不平等加剧等方面分析了逆全球化出现的原因。虽然因为反全球化甚至逆全球化使世界经济发展中的不确定因素增加,但全球化的大的趋势仍不可逆转,需要进行综合治理,使全球化成为包容性的、平衡的全球化,中国提出并正在实践的“一带一路”倡议为全球治理提供了新的思路,从而有效地推进全球化的进程。

With the development of capitalism,globalization with trade expansion has begun.After the 1950s,developed countries became the main driving force of globalization,economic globalization gained unprecedented development,and some developing economies also entered the middle and high incomes because of globalization.However,anti globalization has also been accompanied by the process of globalization.In recent years,some developed countries that originally supported globalization have begun to oppose globalization,and have taken some substantive actions,and the so called“anti globalization”trend of thought has emerged.This paper analyzes the process and results of globalization from the perspective of developing countries and developed countries,and analyzes the reasons for the emergence of reverse globalization from the aspects of global inequality of wealth distribution and intensification of internal distribution in developed countries.Although the uncertainties in the development of the world economy have increased because of anti globalization and even reverse globalization,the general trend of globalization is still irreversible.The“Belt and Road”initiative proposed by China has provided new ideas for global governance,thus effectively promoting the process of globalization.