中国甘薯出口的贸易结构分析

Analysis of trade structure of China’s sweet potato export

【目的】为了优化中国甘薯出口结构,提高中国甘薯出口贸易竞争力。【方法】应用联合国粮农组织及联合国贸易数据库中2010-2017年中国甘薯生产及贸易数据,分析了中国甘薯进出口贸易趋势及结构。【结果】研究发现:中国甘薯生产规模在经历下降和波动中趋于稳定;出口规模近两年呈明显回升态势;出口在中国农产品出口和世界甘薯出口中的地位逐年增加;出口的区域结构以亚洲的日本、欧洲的德国和荷兰、美洲的加拿大和美国等国家为主;出口市场集中度明显上升。证明中国甘薯出口存在的问题为中国市场与国际市场需求仍有差距、出口市场集中度较高不利于分散市场风险以及国际贸易环境对甘薯出口带来的不确定性增加。【结论】为提升中国甘薯出口竞争力,建议:以需求导向优化生产加工结构并提升产品质量和丰富产品种类;动态优化出口市场结构,适当多样化地开拓新市场以分散风险;积极参与国际贸易规则的调整,合理利用WTO的政策优化配置国内外要素资源,降低贸易环境风险。

【Objective】In order to optimize the export structure of sweet potato in China,collect and sort out the sweet po-tato export data from 2010 to 2017,and consult the relevant literature on China’s sweet potato trade.【Methods】Apply the 2010-2017 Chinese sweet potato production in the FAO and UN Trade Database.And trade data,analysis of China’s sweet potato import and export trade trends and structure.【Results】The study found that the scale of China’s sweet potato product-ion has stabilized during the decline and volatility;the export scale of sweet potato in China has shown a significant upward trend in the past two years;the status of export has increased year by year in China’s agricultural export and world sweet potato export;The regional structure of exports is mainly in Japan in Asia,Germany and the Netherlands in Europe,Canada in the Americas and the United States.In recent years,the concentration of sweet potato export market in China has increas-ed significantly.【Conclusion】In order to enhance the competitiveness of China’s sweet potato export,it is recommended to optimize production and processing structure and improve product quality and product variety by demand;dynamically optimi-ze the structure of export market,diversify and develop new markets to diversify risks;actively participate in the adjustment of international trade rules.Rational use of WTO policies to optimize the allocation of domestic and foreign factor resources and reduce trade environment risks.