企业出口产品多元化模式与地方产品结构

Firm export diversification and local product diversity

自2001年中国加入世界贸易组织(WTO)后,产品多元化日益成为中国企业发展的重要策略。当前关于企业产品多元化的研究忽视了外部影响因素的作用。论文利用中国海关贸易数据库,探讨了地方出口产品结构对企业出口产品多元化的影响。研究发现:①地方产品结构会影响企业的产品多元化模式。所处地方的产品不相关多元化程度越高,企业的产品不相关多元化程度越高;所处地方的产品相关多元化程度越高,企业的产品相关多元化程度也会越高。②由于产品知识来源的差异,生产不同产品企业的产品多元化模式受地方产品结构的影响不同。例如,比起交通运输设备制造企业,鞋帽制造企业的产品(不)相关多元化受地方出口产品的(不)相关多元化的促进作用更强。③内、外资企业的产品多元化模式受地方产品结构的影响存在差异。这可能是因为内、外资企业联系程度不同,所以地方出口产品(不)相关多元化对内资企业产品(不)相关多元化的促进作用比对外资企业的作用更强。

Since China joined the World Trade Organization(WTO)in 2001,Chinese firms have increasingly adopted product diversification as an important strategy.Existing literature concentrates on the internal factors and does not pay much attention to the external factors of product diversification of firms.This study used Chinese custom data and a Tobit model to investigate the influence of local related and unrelated product diversity on firms'export diversification strategy.The results show that:1)Local related and unrelated product diversity has an impact on firms'export diversification strategy.Specifically,firms located in local systems dominated by unrelated product variety are more likely to show unrelated diversification patterns,while firms located in local systems dominated by related product variety are more likely to show related diversification patterns.2)Due to the different sources of technological knowledge,the product diversification patterns of firms that belong to different industries are affected by local industrial structure differently.For example,firms belonging to footwear manufacturing industry are more likely to depend on the acquisition of local external resources and show a closer relationship with the pattern of diversification at the local level than transportation equipment manufacturers.3)There is also a closer relationship between the diversification patterns of Chinese firms and the pattern observed in the local system than international firms.It reflects the difference in performance between Chinese and international firms.Chinese firms are closely related to the surrounding firms,while international firms may not have strong ability to acquire local external knowledge.According to the above results,Chinese government should promote industrial agglomeration and attract foreign firms by preferential policies and improved infrastructure,at the same time,give more support to domestic firms and improve the knowledge spillover benefits.