我国城市内涝灾害研究进展

Advances of City Waterlogging Disasters in China

受城市化进程和气候变化的影响,城市内涝问题广泛频繁地出现。全面及时地监测和预报城市内涝灾害,可提高防灾减灾体系的整体精确程度,减少财务损失。利用知识图谱分析了城市内涝灾害的发展进程,简要介绍了城市内涝灾害内涵与组成部分,从城市内涝灾害危险性评价方法、城市内涝灾害主要承灾体易损性评估方法和城市内涝灾害风险评估基本方法三方面对城市内涝灾害进行了综合分析。结果表明:①在目前的城市内涝灾害评价研究中,灾害承灾体选择是有限的。②到目前为止,城市内涝灾害评价大多是在大型城市进行,对小规模城市评估较少,且城市内涝灾害研究评估很少考虑气候变化因素。③在城市内涝灾害研究中,对致灾因子危险性分析研究较多,敏感性研究较少,将模型和易损性分析、敏感性分析相结合是需要突破的研究重点和难点。对当前城市内涝灾害研究中存在的问题进行了分析,以期更深入地了解城市内涝灾害,最大限度地减少城市内涝灾害带来的影响。

Affected by urbanization and climate change,city waterlogging disaster were occurred extensively and frequently.If the city waterlogging disaster could be monitored and forecasted comprehensively and timely,the overall accuracy of the disaster prevention and mitigation system could be improved and financial losses could be reduced.This paper analyzed the development process of city waterlogging disaster by using knowledge graphs,and briefly introduced the connotation and components of urban disasters.A comprehensive analysis of city waterlogging disaster was carried out from three aspects:Urban hazard risk assessment methods,urban vulnerability hazard assessment methods,and urban hazard risk assessment basic methods.Finally,it was concluded that:①In the current city waterlogging disaster assessment research,the choice of disaster-bearing body was limited.②So far,most of the city waterlogging disaster assessments were carried out in large cities,with few assessments of small-scale cities,and climate change factors were rarely considered in urban disaster research assessments.③In the city waterlogging disaster research,there were many researches on the risk analysis of hazard factors,and there were few sensitivity studies.Combining the model with vulnerability analysis and sensitivity analysis was the key and difficult point that needed to be broken.It was necessary to analyze the problems in urban disaster research that further understood the disasters within the city and minimized the adverse effects of urban disasters.