空中近场爆炸对生物目标的毁伤试验

Experimental test of the aerial nearfield explosion and the destruction harms to the biological targets

针对爆炸恐怖袭击、民用爆炸品和军队弹药运输及使用中的近距离误炸等,研究高温高压爆轰产物联合强冲击波对生物目标的毁伤特性。首先,简要阐述了炸药装药空中爆炸的威力场特性及对生物目标的毁伤机理。然后,基于炸药空中爆炸威力场特性和对生物目标毁伤机理,依据有关计算模型和专项研究结果给出了不同毁伤等级的冲击波毁伤半径、爆轰产物极限膨胀半径及冲击波与爆轰产物耦合作用半径等。最后,通过试验研究了某穿孔装药在近场爆炸条件下,对不同距离处的生物(羊)目标的毁伤效应。通过理论和试验结果,得出了空中近场爆炸作用下造成生物(羊)目标不同毁伤程度和特征的作用距离,为爆炸对生物目标的毁伤评估、安全防护及紧急救援提供参考。

The present paper intends to identify and determinate the damage impact of the high temperature and high pressure of the detonation products and the violent shock waves on the biological targets. It is natural that,in the peace time,today,a big problem has to be dealt with the response of the residence or neighbors to the use of civilian explosives and military ammunition in the transportation and nearby accidental bombing or explosion. Therefore,it would be necessary first of all for us to make a brief description of the tremendous power field of the explosion of the explosive charge and the damage mechanism to the biological targets. And,then,according to the relevant calculation models and special research results,the paper feels it necessary to briefly introduce the damage radius of the shock waves,the ultimate expansion radius of the detonation product and its coupling radius of the shock waves based on the background of the explosive airborne field and the damage mechanism. Thus,finally,the range of reaction and the action distance to be affected by the damage and biological bleeding( human life and stock living) threat have to be worked out under the airborne near-field explosion through the theoretical deduction as well as testing results. For instance,the impact of the detonation products along with the strong shock waves on the biological targets may cause disintegration,high temperature combustion,bleeding of the organs of human and other creatures. As is also known,when the perforated charge of 2. 5 kg composition B is exploded at the normal height,the combination of high temperature and high pressure detonation products and strong shock waves may cause biological subjects to get disintegrated close to 0. 5 m of the explosion center,though the "splitting damage sphere"may not be over 1 m. At the same time,the ultimate expansion radius of the perforated charge detonation product and the coupling distance between the shock wave and the detonation product should also be about 1 m,whereas the testing result is basically the same as the theoretical calculation,about 0. 923 m. And,it can also be forecast that the damage of the perforated charge explosion to the biological targets( sheep for example) may differ from 0. 5 m to1 m from the blasting heat implies that the detonation product combined with the shock wave may directly hurt the organism badly,though the energy of the detonation product may decay quickly with the distance increased. Our testing results show that" the death-killing threat " of the perforated charge explosion shock wave proves to be greater than 1 m with the " severe injury to the biological targets,which may cause the casualty no less than 2 m,though the calculation results are merely 1. 26 m and2. 95 m,which turn out in line with the theoretical calculation.