西南地区稻米品质与气候因子的关系模型及其应用

The Relational Model Between Rice Quality and Climatic Factors in Southwest China and Its Application

为给研究稻米品质的空间分布和年际分布差异提供基础,利用不同水稻品种的地理分期播种试验资料,对稻米品质进行归一化处理,运用滑移变步长分析方法,搜寻平均温度、最高温度、最低温度、日照时数和温度日较差等因子对稻米品质要素影响的关键时期,采用逐步回归分析方法,建立稻米品质要素的气候生态综合关系模型。结果表明:(1)气象条件影响稻米品质的关键时期和关键因子因稻米品质各组分有所不同。有的组分普遍受最高温度、最低温度、平均温度、日照、温度日较差的影响,有的组分仅受其中几个因子的影响,个别组分仅受温度日较差的影响。(2)影响的关键时期大多都在齐穗-成熟阶段,但也有不少组分从齐穗前25天开始持续到灌浆结实阶段。影响的型式,有的是抛物线,有的是直线。(3)建立的各品质要素的气候生态综合模型,可为评价不同年际之间、不同区域之间气候影响提供技术方法,更为优质稻的生产布局提供科学依据。(4)通过评估,过去20年四川盆地稻米蛋白质的空间分布具有由东北向东南方向递增的特征,精米率的空间分布总体呈现西部高、东部低的特征。

The aim is to provide a basis for studying spatial differentiation and interannual variability of rice quality.The data from geographical and periodical seeding experiments on different rice varieties were used to normalize the rice quality.The sliding variable-step analysis was used to search the key period for climate factors,such as average temperature,maximum temperature,minimum temperature,sunshine duration and daily temperature range,affecting rice quality elements;and utilizing a stepwise regression analysis to establish a climatic-ecological comprehensive relation model of rice quality factors.The results showed that:(1)the key periods and key factors affecting rice quality were different along with different components of rice quality,some components were generally affected by the highest temperature,lowest temperature,average temperature,sunshine,and the daily temperature range,some components were only affected by a few factors,and the individual component was only affected by the daily temperature range;(2)most of the key periods being influenced were at the full heading-maturing stage,but there were also quite a few components that lasted from 25 days before the heading stage to the filling and fruiting stage,some of the influence patterns were parabolic,and others were straight;(3)the established climatic-ecological comprehensive model of each quality factor could be used to provide technical methods for evaluating the climate impacts among different years and different regions,and provide a scientific basis for higher quality rice production layout;(4)the assessment showed that the spatial distribution of rice protein in the Sichuan Basin increased from northeast to southeast during the past 20 years,the spatial distribution of milled rice rate was high in the west and low in the east.