黄土高原冬季日照时数对冬小麦发育期的影响

Winter Sunshine Hours in Loess Plateau:Effects on the Development Period of Winter Wheat

为了掌握陇东地区冬小麦发育期的变化规律,给予黄土高原物候预测以参考意见。利用庆阳市1981—2017年冬季日照时数和庆阳市农试站1981—2017年冬小麦发育期的资料,对冬季日照时数的变化规律及其对冬小麦发育期的影响进行研究。结果表明,冬季日照时数最多值出现在1999年,为677.7 h,比常年偏多22%,最少值出现在1989年,为426.7 h,比常年偏少23%。总的来说,冬季日照时数20世纪80年代偏少,90年代偏多,2001—2017年以偏少为主。庆阳市冬季日照时数与冬小麦的发育期为一致的反相关,反相关最显著的是返青期,相关系数为-0.54,其次是乳熟期,相关系数为-0.44,再次为抽穗期,相关系数为-0.42,开花和拔节期的相关系数为-0.41^-0.4。庆阳市冬季日照时数最多年与最少年冬小麦各平均发育期差异最显著的是起身期,偏多年比偏少年提前了7天,其次是返青期和乳熟期,提前了6天,再次是拔节期和成熟期,提前了3~4天。

The paper aims to grasp the change law of the development period of winter wheat in Longdong area,and provide references for phenological prediction in Loess Plateau.Based on the data of winter sunshine hours and the development period of winter wheat from 1981 to 2017 in Qingyang Agricultural Test Station,we studied the change law of winter sunshine hours and its influence on the development period of winter wheat.The results showed that:the maximum value of sunshine hours in winter was 677.7 h in 1999,22%more than the usual value,and the minimum value was 426.7 h in 1989,23%less than the usual value;on the whole,the winter sunshine hours was less in 1980s,more in 1990s,and was mostly less from 2001 to 2017;there was an anti-correlation between winter sunshine hours and the development period of winter wheat in Qingyang;the most significant period of anti-correlation was green stage with the correlation coefficient of-0.54,followed by the milk-ripe stage with the correlation coefficient of-0.44,and the third was the heading stage with the correlation coefficient of-0.42,the correlation coefficient between flowering and jointing stage was-0.41^-0.4;the most significant difference in the average development period of winter wheat between the year with the most and the least sunshine hours in winter was the erecting stage,the former was 7 days ahead of the latter;next was the green stage and milk-ripe stage,the former was 6 days ahead of the latter,followed by the jointing period and mature period,the former was 3-4 days ahead of the latter.