郝敬《尚书》学辨伪研究

A Study on the Discrimination of Falsehood in Hao Jing’s Shangshu-learning

郝敬通过分注今古文、考辨章法以及史实对《今文尚书》《古文尚书》《孔传》、大小《书序》展开辨伪。既而形成了三种辨伪思想,建构着他的经学体系。他反对宋儒对《伏书》的怀疑,认为《伏书》存圣人删述之旨。同时,他指出虞廷十六字辞精而旨浅,非往圣之心传,诸儒对此十六字过分拔高。受《书集传》的影响,郝敬大力排诋《书小序》,申述《书小序》无微言大义。郝敬之《尚书》学主要集中在辨伪这一议题,作为其经学体系的重要组成部分,反映了他复归孔孟之原的诉求,不仅是晚明经学之殿军,更为清代学术之先导。

Hao Jing discriminate the authenticity of Jinwen Shangshu,Guwen Shangshu,Kongzhuan,Shuxiaoxuand Shudaxu by separately annotating Shangshu’s Jinwen and Guwen texts,researching art of composition and historical facts.It has formed three kinds of thought of discrimination and constructed his system of Confucian classics.He opposed Song Confucianism’s suspicion of Fushuand believed that Fushu Preserved the will of the saints.At the same time,he believed that Yu Ting’s sixteen words were language-precise but will-superficial,and they were not passed on from the saint’s heart.All the Confucians overemphasized these sixteen words.Influenced by Shujizhuan,Hao Jing strongly denigrated Shuxiaoxu,pointing out that Shuxiaoxuhad no meaningful words.Hao Jing’s Shangshustudies mainly focus on the issue of discriminating Shangshu’s texts.As an important part of his Confucian classics system,it reflects his desire to return to the original Confucian and Mencius.Hao Jing’s Shangshu-learningis not only the palace army of Confucian classics in the late Ming,but also the forerunner of the Qing’s learning.