数字普惠金融、收入分配与农村贫困

Digital Inclusive Finance,Income Distribution and Rural Poverty

贫困人口脱贫是全面建成小康社会的底线目标,也是世界各国共同的难题和责任。农村贫困问题的解决有赖于普惠金融的发展和支持,同时也与完善收入分配体系改革息息相关。基于此,本文以数字普惠金融的发展为研究视角,根据北京大学公布的数字普惠金融指数,阐述了数字普惠金融、收入分配与农村贫困三者之间的理论机制,在此基础上,运用中国31个省份2011—2017年的面板数据对三者之间的关系进行了实证分析。研究发现:数字普惠金融不仅会直接减缓农村贫困状况,还会通过收入分配的改善间接影响贫困减缓,即收入分配在数字普惠金融与农村贫困减缓之间具有中介效应,该中介效应约占总效应的14. 1%;同时,数字普惠金融对农村贫困状况的减缓作用受到收入分配单重门槛效应的影响,相较于高收入分配差距而言,低收入分配差距水平下该抑制作用更强;最后,本文依据研究结论提出相应的政策建议。

Lifting the poor out of poverty is the bottom line goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way,and it is also a common problem and responsibility of all countries in the world.The solution of rural poverty cannot be separated from the support of inclusive finance,and the improvement of income distribution system.Based on the development of digital inclusive finance and the digital inclusive financial index published by Peking University,this paper expounds the theoretical mechanism among digital inclusive finance,income distribution and rural poverty.Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2017,this paper makes an empirical analysis on the relationship among the three elernents.It is found that digital inclusive finance not only directly alleviates rural poverty,but also indirectly affects poverty alleviation through the improvement of incomedistribution.Income distribution has a mediating effect between digital inclusive finance and rural poverty alleviation.The mediating effect accounts for 14.1%of the total effect.At the same time,the negative effect of digital inclusive finance on rural poverty is affected by the single threshold effect of income distribution.Compared with the high income distribution gap,the inhibition effect is stronger under the lower income distribution gap level.Finally,according to the conclusions of the study,this paper puts forward corresponding policy recommendations.